Baseline characteristics of the population studied stratified by sex
| All (N=1242) | Men (N=506) | Women (N=736) | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 61.8 (6.1) | 61.6 (6.3) | 62 (5.9) | 0.214 |
| University studies, n (%) | 395 (31.9) | 222 (44) | 173 (23.5) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 438 (35.3) | 238 (47) | 200 (27.2) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 598 (48.2) | 349 (69.1) | 249 (33.9) | <0.001 |
| Sedentarism, n (%) | 494 (40.0) | 204 (40.6) | 290 (39.7) | 0.750 |
| Family history of DM, n (%) | 392 (31.6) | 148 (29.4) | 244 (33.2) | 0.154 |
| Family history of arterial hypertension, n (%) | 616 (49.8) | 204 (40.5) | 412 (56.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 400 (32.2) | 185 (36.6) | 215 (29.3) | 0.007 |
| Treated hypertension, n (%) | 360 (90.0) | 169 (91.4) | 191 (88.9) | 0.499 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 38 (3.1) | 32 (6.3) | 6 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 10 (0.8) | 8 (1.6) | 2 (0.3) | 0.011 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 25 (2.0) | 13 (2.6) | 12 (1.6) | 0.248 |
| Chronic atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 30 (2.4) | 17 (3.4) | 13 (1.8) | 0.071 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 562 (45.3) | 226 (44.8) | 336 (45.7) | 0.754 |
| GFRe ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 14 (1.1) | 10 (2.0) | 4 (0.5) | 0.019 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 396 (31.9) | 176 (34.8) | 220 (29.9) | 0.069 |
| Renin-angiotensin system blockers, n (%) | 268 (21.6) | 140 (27.7) | 128 (17.4) | <0.001 |
| Statins, n (%) | 300 (24.2) | 125 (24.7) | 175 (23.8) | 0.708 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 76 (6.1) | 50 (9.9) | 26 (3.5) | 0.004 |
| Anticoagulants. n (%) | 24 (1.9) | 13 (2.6) | 11 (1.5) | 0.176 |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 93.9 (11.9) | 99.9 (9.7) | 89.7 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28 (4.5) | 28.4 (3.7) | 27.8 (5) | 0.010 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 123.4 (16.8) | 121 (17.3) | 126.8 (15.5) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 76.8 (9.8) | 78.5 (9.7) | 75.7 (9.7) | <0.001 |
| Plasma glucose 0 hour, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 100.6 (10.4) | 103.6 (10.5) | 98.5 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| Plasma glucose 2 hours, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 115.2 (30.6) | 120.3 (31.2) | 111.6 (29.6) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, %, mean (SD) | 5.7 (0.3) | 5.6 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.3) | 0.006 |
| Psychological status | ||||
| PHQ-9 score, mean (SD) | 4.2 (4.4) | 3.2 (4) | 4.9 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| PHQ-9 ≥10 (high risk), n (%) | 144 (11.6) | 39 (7.7) | 105 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| Health perception (self-reported) | ||||
| Excellent, n (%) | 36 (2.9) | 23 (4.6) | 13 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Very good, n (%) | 248 (20.1) | 121 (24.0) | 17.5 (127) | |
| Good, n (%) | 702 (57) | 287 (56.8) | 415 (57.2) | |
| Regular, n (%) | 235 (19.1) | 71 (14.1) | 164 (22.6) | |
| Bad, n (%) | 10 (0.8) | 3 (0.6) | 7 (1.0) | |
| Diabetes risk scores | ||||
| FINDRISC, mean (SD) | 11.1 (4.3) | 10.8 (4.2) | 11.2 (4.3) | 0.117 |
| DESIR, mean (SD) | 11.8 (1.2) | 11.9 (1.2) | 11.8 (1.2) | 0.777 |
| ADA, mean (SD) | 5.1 (1.5) | 5.8 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.5) | <0.001 |
Bold means p <0.05
ADA, American Diabetes Association risk score; BMI, body mass index; DESIR, Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome; DM, diabetes mellitus; FINDRISC, Finish Diabetes Risk Score; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.