Selected factor | Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
Intrapersonal-level factors | ||||
Age (years) | 1.110 (1.072, 1.150) | <0.001 | 1.083 (1.021, 1.150) | 0.008 |
Year of ordination | 1.049 (1.018, 1.082) | 0.002 | 0.972 (0.924, 1.023) | 0.281 |
Region of residence | ||||
Central & Bangkok | 1 (reference) | |||
Northeast | 1.494 (1.206, 1.852) | <0.001 | 1.235 (0.948, 1.608) | 0.118 |
North | 0.712 (0.569, 0.892) | 0.003 | 0.795 (0.602, 1.049) | 0.105 |
South | 2.358 (1.655, 3.359) | <0.001 | 1.896 (1.216, 2.956) | 0.005 |
Had tried smoking | ||||
Never | 1 (reference) | |||
Had | 8.187 (7.142, 9.385) | <0.001 | 6.068 (5.162, 7.133) | <0.001 |
Had studied tobacco-related topics in a classroom | ||||
Yes | 1 (reference) | |||
No | 1.241 (1.086, 1.417) | 0.001 | 1.063 (0.875, 1.291) | 0.539 |
Received any anti‐smoking information | ||||
Yes | 1 (reference) | |||
No | 1.575 (1.329, 1.865) | <0.001 | 0.814 (0.634, 1.044) | 0.105 |
Interpersonal-level factors | ||||
Parents’ smoking | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | |||
Yes | 2.986 (2.628, 3.393) | <0.001 | 1.952 (1.672, 2.278) | <0.001 |
Respected monks’ smoking | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | |||
Yes | 3.126 (2.761, 3.538) | <0.001 | 1.645 (1.397, 1.938) | <0.001 |
Institution-level factors | ||||
Perceived that schools are smoke-free areas including e-cigarettes | ||||
Yes | 1 (reference) | |||
No | 1.148 (1.007, 1.309) | 0.039 | 1.227 (1.018, 1.479) | 0.032 |
Noticed a no-smoking sign in the school | ||||
Yes | 1 (reference) | |||
No | 0.879 (0.746, 1.035) | 0.121 | 0.859 (0.682, 1.083) | 0.199 |
Exposed to secondhand smoke in the places of their daily living | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | |||
Yes | 4.779 (4.151, 5.503) | <0.001 | 2.374 (1.987, 2.849) | <0.001 |
Community-level and policy-level factors | ||||
Noticed tobacco advertisements at the point of sale | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | |||
Yes | 2.565 (2.269, 2.900) | <0.001 | 1.534 (1.288, 1.827) | <0.001 |
Noticed tobacco advertisements through various online social media | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | |||
Yes | 2.199 (1.949, 2.481) | <0.001 | 1.414 (1.186, 1.685) | <0.001 |
Noticed any form of tobacco promotion | ||||
No | 1 (reference) | |||
Yes | 3.108 (2.681, 3.608) | <0.001 | 1.909 (1.565, 2.327) | <0.001 |
Significant entries in table 4 are highlighted in bold typeface.
e-cigarettes, electronic cigarettes.