Table 4

Subgroup analyses stratified by school type of the associations between the intervention group (vs the control group) and unintended outcomes measured at 5 months follow-up among daily smokers at baseline, using multiple imputation of missing data (N=40×491)

Unintended outcome at follow-upIntervention group (n=40×264)Control group (n=40×227)Adjusted*
%%OR95% CI
Regular use of either smokeless tobacco, hookah or e-cigarettes
 VET schools: social and healthcare49.047.01.160.43 to 3.09
 VET schools: technical and commercial62.270.20.650.24 to 1.79
 PBE schools61.151.52.070.58 to 7.39
Regular cannabis use
 VET schools: social and healthcare8.34.4
 VET schools: technical and commercial12.26.5
 PBE schools19.013.01.840.44 to 7.71
Well-being
 Boredom in breaks during school hours
  VET schools: social and healthcare21.019.51.050.36 to 3.11
  VET schools: technical and commercial18.342.80.270.10 to 0.75
  PBE schools32.534.70.780.18 to 3.39
 Loneliness during school hours
  VET schools: social and healthcare17.711.31.680.54 to 5.27
  VET schools: technical and commercial17.818.31.120.33 to 3.83
  PBE schools18.423.30.750.18 to 3.13
 High level of stress
  VET schools: social and healthcare75.277.30.820.37 to 1.81
  VET schools: technical and commercial62.273.70.520.16 to 1.67
  PBE schools68.573.90.640.20 to 2.04
Stigmatisation among smokers
 Self-stigma
  VET schools: social and healthcare35.132.81.140.46 to 2.85
  VET schools: technical and commercial30.839.90.660.27 to 1.64
  PBE schools33.031.20.980.26 to 3.62
 Felt stigma
  VET schools: social and healthcare9.910.40.870.27 to 2.76
  VET schools: technical and commercial17.810.22.070.53 to 8.05
  PBE schools7.96.6
  • Due to low student representation in the discrimination subscale, regression analyses were not possible, leading to its exclusion from the table. Similarly, the small percentages of students in VET schools reporting cannabis use, as well as PBE schools experiencing felt stigma, resulted in exclusion from the analyses.

  • *Adjusted for gender, socioeconomic status, age and baseline variable if available (available variables include regular smokeless tobacco, hookah and e-cigarette use).

  • PBE, preparatory basic education; VTE, vocational education and training.