Table 1

Characteristics of participants in the focus groups and interviews

Participants (n)Sex (n)Age (years)
overall mean 44.5
N of role (physician, nurse, admin)Years of experience
overall mean 14.6
Some participants have >1 role
MaleFemaleRange, meanPhysNurseAdminRange, mean
Africa117434–70, 468371–27, 10.8
Asia146828–63, 4510413–28, 16.4
Latin America159635–59, 4314114–30, 14.2
Total4022183289*
  • *Four clinician focus group participants reported to us that they served as part-time health system administrators, making the administrator total n=9 rather than just the n=5 who participated in individual interviews.

  • Admin, administrator; Phys, physician.