Demographic information for Gambian and UK samples
| Gambian sample (n=221) M (SD) | UK sample (n=314) M (SD) | |
| Age* | 27.3 (5.9) | 33.4 (4.3) |
| GA | 22.9 (5.5) | 21.1 (1.4) |
| Parity* | 2.3 (2.1) | 1.5 (0.7) |
| Gravida* | 3.5 (2.3) | 2.0 (2.0) |
| Gambian sample | Total n (% of 221) | |
| Marital status | n (% of 221) | |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 6 (3%) | |
| Married (monogamous) | 160 (72%) | |
| Married (polygamous) | 55 (25%) | |
| Education Level | n (% of 221) | |
| None | 13 (6%) | |
| Informal (arabic) | 101 (46%) | |
| Primary | 29 (13%) | |
| Secondary/tertiary | 78 (35%) | |
| Occupation | n (% of 220) | |
| Housewife | 138 (62%) | |
| Other | 82 (37%) | |
| Husband’s occupation | n (% of 219) | |
| Skilled work | 97 (44%) | |
| Manual/trade work | 122 (55%) | |
| UK sample | Total sample of 368† | |
| Marital status | n (% out of 314) | |
| Married/civil partnership | 233 (74%) | |
| Living with partner | 64 (20%) | |
| Single | 11 (4%) | |
| Other | 6 (2%) | |
| Education level | n (% out of 315) | |
| Left before GCSE/O-levels | 2 (1%) | |
| GCSE/O-levels | 16 (5%) | |
| A-levels | 23 (7%) | |
| Vocational training | 13 (4%) | |
| University degree | 159 (51%) 102 (32%) | |
| Higher degree | ||
| Occupation | n (% out of 314) | |
| Professional | 197 (63%) | |
| Managerial | 46 (15%) | |
| Skilled non-manual | 16 (5%) | |
| Skilled manual | 13 (4%) | |
| Partly skilled | 10 (3%) | |
| Not applicable | 22 (7%) | |
| Other | 10 (3%) | |
| Ethnic group | n (% out of 314) | |
| Caucasian | 209 (67%) | |
| Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi | 21 (7%) | |
| Middle Eastern | 12 (4%) | |
| Afro/Afro-Caribbean | 12 (4%) | |
| South American/Hispanic | 4 (1%) | |
| Far Eastern | 3 (1%) | |
| Mixed | 12 (4%) | |
| Other | 41 (13%) | |
All categories were informed by the categorisations used by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW) in The Gambia.
*Indicates a significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups using independent samples t-tests.
†The total sample in the previously conducted study was 368 but there was missing demographic data. There was also missing demographic data for some of the categories for Gambian participants. The total used for each category is included in the table.
GA, gestational age; GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education. ; Primip, Primiparious. Housewife includes women who stated they did not have a job ('none').