Dietary inflammation score and association with measured cardiovascular disease risk factors
| High cholesterol (OR, 95% CI) | Diabetes (OR, 95% CI) | Hypertension (OR, 95% CI) | Overweight/obesity (OR, 95% CI) | |||||
| DIS Q1 (ref—least inflammatory diet) reference:1.0 | Rural 1.00 (ref) | Metro 1.00 (ref) | Rural 1.00 (ref) | Metro 1.00 (ref) | Rural 1.00 (ref) | Metro 1.00 (ref) | Rural 1.00 (ref) | Metro 1.00 (ref) |
| DIS Q2 | 0.93 (0.46 to 1.84) | 1.03 (0.67 to 1.58) | 1.95 (0.51 to 7.53) | 0.67 (0.28 to 1.60) | 1.80 (0.79 to 4.07) | 0.97 (0.57 to 1.64) | 2.48 (1.15 to 5.35) p=0.02 | 1.17 (0.73 to 1.90) |
| DIS Q3 | 1.64 (0.85 to 3.15) | 0.86 (0.55 to 1.36) | 1.97 (0.62 to 0.62) | 0.61 (0.21 to 1.79) | 2.14 (0.97 to 4.71) | 1.04 (0.60 to 1.80) | 1.40 (0.66 to 2.99) | 1.34 (0.81 to 2.20) |
| DIS Q4 More inflammatory diet | 0.82 (0.41 to 1.62) | 0.71 (0.44 to 1.16) | 0.46 (0.101 to 2.12) | 0.77 (0.27 to 2.11) | 2.42 (1.07 to 5.40)) | 0.89 (0.51 to 1.60) (0.81 to 1.87) | 2.26 (10.6 to 4.84) p=0.03 | 0.98 (0.59 to 1.62) |
| P trend | p=0.95 | p=0.12 | p=0.20 | p=0.55 | p=0.05 | p=0.78 | p=0.11 | p=0.93 |
Adjusted for sex, socioeconomic status, education, energy intake, physical activity, smoking status and age. The lowest quartile (reference) is the most inflammatory and Q4 is the most inflammatory diet. Bold indicates significance.