Association between dietary pattern adherence and measured risk factors across rural, metro populations
| High cholesterol (OR, 95% CI) | Diabetes (HbA1c (Glycated haemoglobin) (OR, 95% CI) | High blood pressure (OR, 95% CI) | Overweight/ obesity (OR, 95% CI) | |||||
| Diet pattern (lowest adherence) | Rural 1.00 (ref) | Metro 1.00 (ref) | Rural 1.00 (ref) | Metro 1.00 (ref) | Rural 1.00 (ref) | Metro 1.00 (ref) | Rural 1.00 (ref) | Metro 1.00 (ref) |
| Pattern 1 Q2 | 1.02 (0.51 to 2.04) | 1.47 (0.91 to 2.38) | 0.64 (0.12 to 3.33) | 0.84 (0.27 to 2.61) | 0.58 (0.25 to 1.32) | 1.44 (0.82 to 2 to 54) | 0.64 (0.122 to 3.33) | 0.84 (0.51 to 1.40) |
| Pattern 1 Q3 | 0.94 (0.47 to 1.88) | 1.23 (0.76 to 2.01) | 0.87 (0.15 to 5.11) (0.45 to 3.20) | 1.59 (0.50 to 5.16) | 0.99 (0.46 to 2.10) (0.66 to 2.02) | 1.59 (0.93 to 2.72) | 0.87 (0.12 to 5.11) | 1.19 (0.72 to 1.94) |
| Pattern 1 highest adherence | 1.47 (0.75 to 2.86) | 1.50 (0.92 to 2 to 42) | 0.85 (0.18 to 3.88) | 1.63 (0.47 to 5.60) | 0.60 (0.27 to 1.31) | 1.78 (1.00 to 3.16) p=0.05* | 0.850 (0.18 to 3.88) | 1.42 (0.86 to 2.34) |
| P trend | p=0.31 | p=0.20 | p=0.98 | p=0.26 | p=0.38 | p=0.06 | p=0.87 | p-0.07 |
| Pattern 2 Q1 (lowest adherence) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Pattern 2 Q2 | 0.59 (0.31 to 1.12) | 0.96 (0.62 to 1.50) | 2.70 (0.67 to 10.9) | 0.51 (0.18 to 1.50) | 1.35 (0.62 to 2.96) | 1.03 (0.60 to 1.79) | 1.12 (0.55 to 2.27) | 1.32 (0.83 to 2.11) |
| Pattern 2 Q 3 | 0.62 (0.32 to 1.21) | 1.09 (0.69 to 1.75) | 1.53 (0.310 to 7.62) | 0.81 (0.29 to 2.24) | 0.88 (0.39 to 1.94) | 0.74 (0.41 to 1.34) | 1.74 (0.79 to 3.80) | 1.76 (1.07 to 2.89) p=0.02* |
| Pattern 2 highest adherence | 0.59 (0.30 to 1.15) | 1.28 (0.81 to 2.02) | 2.46 (0.55 to 10.9) | 1.13 (0.43 to 2.98) | 0.91 (0.39 to 2.10) | 1.15 (0.66 to 2.02) | 1.62 (0.75 to 3.50) | 1.83 (1.10 to 3.04) p=0.02* |
| P trend | p=0.13 | p=0.25 | p=0.35 | p=0.65 | p=0.63 | p=0.88 | p=0.13 | p=0.09 |
The lowest quartile (reference) is lowest adherence to the diet, and the highest is highest adherence to the dietary pattern. Adjusted for sex, socioeconomic status, education, energy intake, physical activity, smoking status and age. Bold indicates significance.
*p<0.05.