Baseline characteristics of study population according to glucometabolic state
| Variables | Total population | Normoglycaemia | Pre-diabetes | Diabetes | P value |
| n (%) | 3680 (100.0) | 2449 (66.55) | 1077 (29.27) | 154 (4.18) | – |
| Male (%) | 1753 (47.77) | 1114 (45.54) | 561 (52.28) | 78 (51.66) | 0.001 |
| Age (years) | 45.42±13.80 | 42.09±13.18 | 51.92±12.69* | 53.03±11.80* | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 161.76±8.73 | 162.03±8.62 | 161.28±8.82 | 160.91±9.61 | 0.032 |
| Weight (kg) | 63.0±12.0 | 61.98±11.78 | 64.60±11.99* | 67.78±13.26*† | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.98±3.57 | 23.51±3.46 | 24.74±3.52* | 26.08±4.02*† | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 82.09±10.31 | 80.21±10.22 | 85.40±9.31* | 88.56±9.97*† | <0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 94.82±7.22 | 94.06±7.24 | 96.11±6.87* | 97.60±7.43*† | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.86±0.07 | 0.85±0.07 | 0.89±0.06* | 0.91±0.07*† | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 119.5±15.0 | 117.3±14.2 | 123.4±15.0* | 127.0±18.7*† | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 73.18±10.0 | 72.0±9.7 | 75.2±9.8* | 78.0±11.4*† | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.13±1.06 | 5.01±1.01 | 5.36±1.08* | 5.60±1.13*† | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.22 (0.84–1.83) | 1.10 (0.79–1.62) | 1.45 (1.02–2.10)* | 1.78 (1.22–2.78)*† | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.05±0.88 | 2.94±0.82 | 3.25±0.95* | 3.30±0.99* | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.48±0.54 | 1.48±0.51 | 1.49±0.59 | 1.44±0.64 | 0.585 |
| Adiponectin (mg/L) | 3.9 (2.8–5.4) | 4.0 (2.9–5.5) | 3.7 (2.7–5.3) | 3.2 (2.1–4.7)*† | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean±SD or medians (IQRs) for skewed variables or numbers (proportions) for categorical variables.
TG and adiponectin are skewed in distribution, log transformation before variance analysis and comparison in pairs.
P values were for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) or χ2 analyses across the groups. Bold indicates statistical significance.
*P<0.001compared with normoglycaemia population.
†P<0.05 compared with pre-diabetes.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HC, hip circumference; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.