Bivariate comparison of socioeconomic and clinical characteristics among participants treated for dyslipidaemia, according to controlled and uncontrolled status as per European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society criteria
| Baseline | First follow-up | Second follow-up | |||||||
| Uncontrolled | Controlled | P value | Uncontrolled | Controlled | P value | Uncontrolled | Controlled | P value | |
| N | 295 | 322 | 465 | 379 | 428 | 370 | |||
| Age (years) | 64.0±8.4 | 59.5±8.0 | <0.001 | 67.4±8.6 | 61.0±7.7 | <0.001 | 71.4±8.2 | 64.4±8.9 | <0.001 |
| Women (%) | 118 (40.1) | 145 (44.9) | 0.233 | 186 (40.0) | 223 (58.8) | <0.001 | 218 (50.9) | 183 (49.5) | 0.678 |
| Swiss national (%) | 210 (71.4) | 220 (68.1) | 0.371 | 339 (72.9) | 261 (68.9) | 0.198 | 312 (72.9) | 251 (67.8) | 0.118 |
| Education (%) | 0.917 | 0.512 | 0.049 | ||||||
| High | 31 (10.5) | 35 (10.8) | 62 (13.3) | 61 (16.1) | 52 (12.2) | 68 (18.4) | |||
| Middle | 61 (20.8) | 71 (22.0) | 102 (21.9) | 83 (21.9) | 99 (23.1) | 81 (21.9) | |||
| Low | 202 (68.7) | 217 (67.2) | 301 (64.7) | 235 (62.0) | 277 (64.7) | 221 (59.7) | |||
| Married/couple (%) | 199 (67.7) | 229 (70.9) | 0.388 | 271 (58.3) | 234 (61.7) | 0.308 | 233 (54.4) | 215 (58.1) | 0.298 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2±4.4 | 27.8±4.6 | 0.217 | 28.1±4.6 | 27.1±4.9 | 0.002 | 28.1±4.6 | 27.0±5.1 | 0.002 |
| BMI categories (%) | 0.250 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Normal | 65 (22.1) | 90 (27.9) | 111 (23.9) | 132 (34.8) | 112 (26.2) | 142 (38.4) | |||
| Overweight | 136 (46.3) | 141 (43.7) | 216 (46.5) | 162 (42.7) | 185 (43.2) | 142 (38.4) | |||
| Obese | 93 (31.6) | 92 (28.5) | 138 (29.7) | 85 (22.4) | 131 (30.6) | 86 (23.2) | |||
| Smoking (%) | 0.714 | 0.239 | 0.151 | ||||||
| Never | 101 (34.4) | 109 (33.8) | 153 (32.9) | 142 (37.5) | 168 (39.3) | 122 (33.0) | |||
| Former | 117 (39.8) | 138 (42.7) | 224 (48.2) | 161 (42.5) | 190 (44.4) | 175 (47.3) | |||
| Current | 76 (25.9) | 76 (23.5) | 88 (18.9) | 76 (20.1) | 70 (16.4) | 73 (19.7) | |||
| Alcohol drinker (%) | 224 (76.2) | 232 (71.8) | 0.218 | 352 (75.7) | 280 (73.9) | 0.544 | 285 (73.3) | 240 (71.2) | 0.538 |
| Treatment for (%) | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 158 (53.7) | 145 (44.9) | 0.028 | 266 (57.2) | 170 (44.9) | <0.001 | 258 (60.3) | 167 (45.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 68 (23.1) | 27 (8.4) | <0.001 | 121 (26.0) | 27 (7.1) | <0.001 | 102 (23.8) | 55 (14.9) | 0.001 |
| Parental history (%) | 63 (21.4) | 101 (31.3) | 0.006 | 95 (20.4) | 123 (32.5) | <0.001 | 95 (22.2) | 116 (31.4) | 0.003 |
| CVD risk (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Other | 95 (32.3) | 173 (53.6) | 140 (30.1) | 225 (59.4) | 162 (37.9) | 193 (52.2) | |||
| High | 66 (22.5) | 118 (36.5) | 98 (21.1) | 107 (28.2) | 73 (17.1) | 94 (25.4) | |||
| Very high | 133 (45.2) | 32 (9.9) | 227 (48.8) | 47 (12.4) | 193 (45.1) | 83 (22.4) | |||
| Number of drugs | |||||||||
| Including OTC | – | – | 4(3–6) | 4(2–5) | <0.001* | 5(3–7) | 4(3–7) | <0.001* | |
| Excluding OTC | – | – | 4(2–6) | 3(2–5) | <0.001* | 4(3–7) | 3(2–6) | <0.001* | |
| Genetic risk scores | |||||||||
| Total cholesterol | −2.8±9.4 | −3.9±9.7 | 0.149 | −3.5±9.2 | −3.6±8.9 | 0.941 | −4.2±9.6 | −3.2±8.1 | 0.147 |
| LDL-cholesterol | −2.2±7.8 | −3.2±7.2 | 0.117 | −2.5±7.5 | −2.3±7.1 | 0.827 | −3.2±7.6 | −2.5±6.3 | 0.171 |
| HDL-cholesterol | −6.5±3.5 | −6.8±3.4 | 0.215 | −6.6±3.6 | −6.9±3.6 | 0.371 | −6.5±3.6 | −6.9±3.6 | 0.124 |
| Hypolipidaemic drug treatment (%) | |||||||||
| Statins | 270 (91.5) | 308 (95.7) | 0.035 | 373 (80.4) | 288 (75.8) | 0.107 | 328 (76.6) | 264 (71.4) | 0.089 |
| Fibrates | 28 (9.5) | 17 (5.3) | 0.044 | 28 (6.0) | 5 (1.3) | <0.001 | 18 (4.2) | 14 (3.8) | 0.762 |
| Other | 11 (3.7) | 11 (3.4) | 0.834 | 72 (15.5) | 79 (20.8) | 0.047 | 84 (19.6) | 85 (23.0) | 0.249 |
Data from the baseline (2003–2006), first (2009–2012) and second (2014–2017) follow-ups of the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Results are expressed as number of participants (column %) for categorical variables and as average ± SD or as median (IQR) for continuous variables. Between-groups comparisons performed using χ2 for categorical variables and Student’s t-test or Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (*) for continuous variables.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high density lipoproteins; LDL, low density lipoproteins; OTC, over the counter.