Table 7

Factors associated with depression among people with diabetes (n=283)

FactorsUOR95% CIP valueAOR*95% CIP value
Living companion
 Alone3.2391.363 to 7.6950.008†1.5860.553 to 4.5480.391
 With familyRefRef
Economic dependency
 Dependent1.9791.210 to 3.2360.007†1.8901.026 to 3.4820.041†
 IndependentRefRef
Perceived level of social support
 Low4.9192.295 to 10.543<0.001†2.8831.158 to 7.1810.023†
 Moderate2.0321.163 to 3.5510.013†1.3450.696 to 2.5990.379
 HighRefRef
Use of insulin
 Yes3.0951.468 to 6.5280.003†1.2650.905 to 3.1710.061
 NoRefRef
Presence of complications
 NoneRefRef
 Single2.9281.535 to 5.5870.010†1.6280.739 to 3.5870.227
 Two or more3.3111.397 to 7.8510.007†2.3081.858 to 6.4220.046†
Presence of comorbidities
 NoneRefRef
 Single2.5001.367 to 4.5730.003†2.2621.108 to 4.6190.025†
 Two or more4.2422.274 to 7.915<0.001†2.5751.180 to 5.6170.017†
Health insurance coverage
 FullRefRef
 Partial1.8420.751 to 4.5170.1821.7920.613 to 4.6910.287
 None3.4101.483 to 7.8420.004†2.9731.134 to 7.0930.027†
Difficulty following recommended diet
 Too difficult3.2241.701 to 6.112<0.001†2.3871.100 to 5.1820.028†
 A bit difficult1.6151.005 to 2.8650.046†1.1120.555 to 2.2300.764
 Not difficult at allRefRef
History of mental illness
 Yes3.1181.099 to 8.8480.033†2.5870.835 to 9.0250.139
 NoRefRef
COVID-19 fear
 LowRefRef
 Moderate1.9771.087 to 3.5940.025†1.4960.731 to 3.0600.270
 Severe2.3751.282 to 4.4020.006†2.1171.009 to 4.5730.042†
Alcohol use
 Yes2.4371.420 to 4.1840.001†2.4011.199 to 4.8060.013†
 NoRefRef
Tobacco use
 Yes1.9291.063 to 3.5000.031†1.0010.461 to 2.1740.998
 NoRefRef
Sleep satisfaction
 SatisfiedRefRef
 Not satisfied2.4141.460 to 3.9930.001†1.9951.093 to 3.6440.025†
  • *Logistic regression model adjusted for all variables in the table except anxiety, Nagelkerke R2=0.358, Hosmer-Lemeshow Χ2=10.073, p=0.260.

  • †Statistical significance at p<0.05.

  • AOR, adjusted OR; UOR, unadjusted OR.