Table 1

Overview of the TEAM-AMB study

A team training programme’s impact on medication administration, teamwork, and patient safety culture in an ambulance service (TEAM-AMB).
PrestudyResearch questions: Are the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the T-TPQ appropriate for use within ambulance services?
Design: quantitative
Sample: ambulance professionals
Data collection: a cross-sectional survey with T-TPQ
AimsThe overall aims of the study are: (1) to advance the knowledge of the medication administration process in an ambulance service and (2) to study the impact of a team training programme on MAEs, teamwork and patient safety culture
Study 1Study 2Study 3Study 4Study 5
Research questionsWhat is the frequency of MAEs in an ambulance service?How can the medication administration process in an ambulance be described according to the SEIPS model?What is the impact of a team training programme on the frequency of MAEs in an ambulance service?How do ambulance professionals experience teamwork before and after implementing a team training programme? Relatedly, how can their experience with the programme be described?Have ambulance professionals’ perceptions of teamwork and patient safety culture changed after the implementation of a team training programme?
DesignQuantitativeQualitativeQuantitativeQualitativeQuantitative
Sample data sourceEPJsAmbulance professionalsEPJsAmbulance professionalsAmbulance professionals
Data collectionRetrospective review of EPJsIndividual interviews, observations and review of guidelinesRetrospective review of EPJsFocus group interviews before and after the interventionA cross-sectional survey with the questionnaires
T-TPQ and PreHSOPSC before and after the intervention
PoststudyResearch questions: What is the relationship between MAEs and ambulance professionals’ perceptions of team training and patient safety culture in an ambulance service?
Design: quantitative
Sample: ambulance professionals and EPJs
Data collection: data from the review of EPJs (Study 1 and 3) and the cross-sectional survey of the ambulance professionals’ perceptions of teamwork and patient safety culture (Study 5)

  • EPJs, electronic patient journals; MAEs, medication administration errors; PreHSOPSC, Prehospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture; SEIPS, System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety; T-TPQ, TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Perception Questionnaire.