Mental health status of pregnant and postpartum women during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
| Pregnant | Postpartum | ||||||
| N | % (95% CI) | Mean (SD) | N | % (95% CI) | Mean (SD) | ||
| EDS | General | 3240 | 100.0 | 7.2 (5.2) | 1696 | 100.0 | 7.5 (5.1) |
| Score ≥10 | 966 | 29.8 (28.2 to 31.4) | N/A | 538 | 31.7 (29.5 to 33.9) | N/A | |
| Score ≥13 | 522 | 16.1 (14.8 to 17.4) | N/A | 289 | 17.0 (15.2 to 18.8) | N/A | |
| Norway (≥13) | 366 | 15.4 (14.0 to 16.9) | N/A | 183 | 16.4 (14.4 to 18.7) | N/A | |
| Belgium (≥13) | 39 | 12.7 (9.4 to 16.9) | N/A | 35 | 16.8 (12.3 to 22.5) | N/A | |
| UK (≥13) | 86 | 35.1 (29.4 to 41.3) | N/A | 35 | 38.0 (28.7 to 48.3) | N/A | |
| Switzerland (≥13) | 16 | 9.2 (5.7 to 14.6) | N/A | 20 | 13.3 (8.8 to 19.8) | N/A | |
| Netherlands (≥13) | 15 | 10.8 (6.6 to 17.1) | N/A | 16 | 12.0 (7.5 to 18.7) | N/A | |
| EDS-3A | Score ≥5 | 982 | 30.3 (28.7 to 31.9) | 3.3 (2.2) | 577 | 34.0 (31.8 to 36.3) | 3.5 (2.2) |
| GAD-7 | Total | 3216 | 100.0 | 5.7 (4.7) | 1680 | 100.0 | 5.6 (4.5) |
| Minimal (0–4) | 1546 | 48.1 (46.3 to 49.8) | N/A | 791 | 47.1 (44.7 to 49.5) | N/A | |
| Mild (5–9) | 1111 | 34.5 (32.9 to 36.2) | N/A | 592 | 35.2 (33.0 to 37.5) | N/A | |
| Moderate (10–14) | 339 | 10.5 (9.5 to 11.6) | N/A | 208 | 12.4 (10.8 to 14.0) | N/A | |
| Severe (15–21) | 220 | 6.8 (6.0 to 7.7) | N/A | 89 | 5.3 (4.2 to 6.4) | N/A | |
| Norway (10–21) | 449 | 18.9 (17.4 to 20.5) | N/A | 229 | 20.6 (18.3 to 23.0) | N/A | |
| Belgium (10–21) | 32 | 10.6 (7.6 to 14.7) | N/A | 25 | 12.4 (8.5 to 17.7) | N/A | |
| UK (10–21) | 58 | 24.2 (19.2 to 30.0) | N/A | 22 | 24.7 (16.9 to 34.7) | N/A | |
| Switzerland (10–21) | 8 | 4.8 (2.4 to 9.3) | N/A | 10 | 6.9 (3.7 to 12.3) | N/A | |
| Netherlands (10–21) | 12 | 9.0 (5.2 to 15.2) | N/A | 11 | 8.4 (4.7 to 14.5) | N/A | |
Total score from 0 to 30, cut-off of ≥10 indicating moderate symptoms of depression, cut-off ≥13 indicating symptoms of moderate to severe depression.10
EDS-3A ≥5 on the subscale was considered as high risk for anxiety.
Total scores range between 0 and 21 with higher scores indicating more generalised anxiety.
Total GAD-7 scores were categorised into minimal (0–4), mild (5–9), moderate (10–14) and severe (15–21) anxiety.15
Missing data were <6% for EDS and 7% for GAD−7.
EDS, Edinburgh Depression Scale; GAD-7, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale; N/A, not applicable.