Association between BMI and WC trajectories and pre-frailty/frailty: the Tromsø study 1994–2016
| Frailty status | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| Robust (% (n)) | Pre-frail/frail (% (n)) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| BMI trajectories | 62.8 (874) | 37.2 (517) | ||
| Stable normal BMI | 27.8 (243) | 22.4 (116) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Stable overweight | 46.6 (407) | 42.4 (219) | 1.20 (0.91 to 1.59) | 1.21 (0.90 to 1.62) |
| Overweight to obese | 21.8 (191) | 26.5 (137) | 1.62 (1.18 to 2.22) | 1.67 (1.19 to 2.35) |
| Increasing obesity | 3.8 (33) | 8.7 (45) | 3.07 (1.85 to 5.09) | 3.12 (1.80 to 5.41) |
| WC trajectories (women) | 59.4 (392) | 40.6 (268) | ||
| Stable normal WC | 26.3 (103) | 17.5 (47) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Moderately high to high WC | 49.7 (195) | 42.5 (114) | 1.27 (0.84 to 1.94)* | 1.30 (0.83 to 2.05)* |
| Gradually increasing high WC | 20.9 (82) | 33.6 (90) | 2.34 (1.47 to 3.70)* | 2.17 (1.32 to 3.59)* |
| Steeply increasing high WC | 3.1 (13) | 6.3 (17) | 3.04 (1.34 to 6.90)* | 4.09 (1.54 to 10.90)* |
| WC trajectories (men) | 65.9 (482) | 34.1 (249) | ||
| Stable normal WC | 22.4 (108) | 18.1 (45) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Stable moderately high WC | 41.1 (198) | 38.5 (96) | 1.18 (0.77 to 1.80)* | 1.12 (0.72 to 1.76)* |
| Moderately high to high WC | 31.5 (152) | 28.9 (72) | 1.18 (0.75 to 1.85)* | 1.12 (0.69 to 1.79)* |
| Increasing high WC | 5.0 (24) | 14.5 (36) | 3.73 (1.99 to 6.97)* | 3.36 (1.71 to 6.59)* |
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex at baseline (*adjusted for age only). Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, educational level, marital/cohabitation status, smoking status, alcohol intake, social support, self-perceived health and physical activity level (*excluding sex) at baseline.
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.