Overview of studies included (n=43), their population, intervention and measurement tools
| Study | Population | Intervention | Measurement tools | ||||
| Publication year | n= | Age groups (mean age) | n= | Type of delivery | n= | Type | n= |
| ≤2009 | 2 | 0–25 (paediatric and adolescent) | 5 | Face-to-face by healthcare professional | 19 | Generic | 51 |
| 2010–2014 | 4 | 26–50 (adults) | 8 | Patients plus relatives | 5 | Disease specific | 23 |
| 2015–2019 | 25 | 51–75 (elderly) | 24 | Including group sessions | 7 | ||
| ≥2020 | 12 | 75–100 (older adults) | 1 | Including telecom | 7 | ||
| Combined adult ages | 5 | Mainly web-based | 5 | ||||
| Questionnaires used in study | Gender (female) | Setting | Outcomes assessed | ||||
| 1 | 7 | 0–25% | 3 | Hospital department | 23 | Engagement | 3 |
| 2 or 3 | 22 | 26–50% | 20 | Outpatient clinic | 13 | Self-management | 8 |
| 4 or 5 | 9 | 51–75% | 13 | Primary care/general practitioner | 3 | Shared decision-making | 9 |
| 6 or more | 5 | 76–100% | 6 | Community healthcare centre | 3 | Satisfaction | 11 |
| Unknown/missing | 1 | Other | 1 | Patient-reported outcome | 20 | ||
| Study design | Education level reported | Provider | Frequency of data collection | ||||
| Cohorte | 2 | Yes | 20 | Nurse | 19 | Single time point | 6 |
| Observational | 5 | Partly | 11 | Physician | 2 | Multiple time points | 37 |
| Quasi experimental | 2 | Missing | 12 | Interdisciplinary group | 17 | ||
| Interventional | 4 | Investigator/coordinator | 3 | ||||
| Mixed methods | 4 | Others | 2 | ||||
| Randomised controlled trial (cluster, multicentre) | 24 | ||||||
| Non-randomised | 2 | ||||||
| Use of reporting guidelines | Ethnicity reported | Stated staff training | |||||
| Yes | 12 | Yes | 5 | Yes | 19 | ||
| No | 30 | No | 38 | No | 23 | ||
| Use of patient partners in research | Medical specialty | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | Cardiology | 4 | ||||
| No | 42 | Dermatology | 1 | ||||
| Endocrinology | 6 | ||||||
| Theoretical framework | Internal medicine | 1 | |||||
| Yes | 37 | Neurology | 2 | ||||
| No | 6 | Nephrology | 2 | ||||
| Obstetrics and gynaecology | 1 | ||||||
| Oncology | 11 | ||||||
| Orthopaedics | 3 | ||||||
| Psychiatry | 5 | ||||||
| Paediatrics | 4 | ||||||
| Respiratory medicine | 2 | ||||||
| Rheumatology | 1 | ||||||