Baseline characteristics of participants before and after PSM
| Variables | Level | Unmatched (original) sample | PSM sample | ||||||
| Comprehensive knowledge of HIV | Comprehensive knowledge of HIV | ||||||||
| Overall (n=23 711) | No (n=12 397) | Yes (n=11 314) | SMD | Overall (n=18 504) | No (n=9252) | Yes (n=9252) | SMD | ||
| No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | ||||
| Sex | Male | 5295 (22.3) | 2692 (21.7) | 2603 (23.0) | 0.031 | 4168 (22.5) | 2037 (22.0) | 2131 (23.0) | 0.024 |
| Female | 18 416 (77.7) | 9705 (78.3) | 8711 (77.0) | 14 336 (77.5) | 7215 (78.0) | 7121 (77.0) | |||
| Age group (years) | 15–19 | 5466 (23.1) | 3263 (26.3) | 2203 (19.5) | 0.179 | 3985 (21.5) | 2014 (21.8) | 1971 (21.3) | 0.019 |
| 20–24 | 4712 (19.9) | 2311 (18.6) | 2401 (21.2) | 3676 (19.9) | 1832 (19.8) | 1844 (19.9) | |||
| 25–29 | 3741 (15.8) | 1811 (14.6) | 1930 (17.1) | 2914 (15.7) | 1471 (15.9) | 1443 (15.6) | |||
| 30–34 | 3327 (14.0) | 1610 (13.0) | 1717 (15.2) | 2671 (14.4) | 1325 (14.3) | 1346 (14.5) | |||
| 35–39 | 2521 (10.6) | 1324 (10.7) | 1197 (10.6) | 2030 (11.0) | 997 (10.8) | 1033 (11.2) | |||
| 40–44 | 2110 (8.9) | 1109 (8.9) | 1001 (8.8) | 1768 (9.6) | 887 (9.6) | 881 (9.5) | |||
| 45–49 | 1542 (6.5) | 832 (6.7) | 710 (6.3) | 1220 (6.6) | 605 (6.5) | 615 (6.6) | |||
| 50–54 | 292 (1.2) | 137 (1.1) | 155 (1.4) | 240 (1.3) | 121 (1.3) | 119 (1.3) | |||
| Level of education | No education | 2279 (9.6) | 1475 (11.9) | 804 (7.1) | 0.459 | 1617 (8.7) | 816 (8.8) | 801 (8.7) | 0.033 |
| Primary | 13 849 (58.4) | 8139 (65.7) | 5710 (50.5) | 11 276 (60.9) | 5681 (61.4) | 5595 (60.5) | |||
| Secondary | 5648 (23.8) | 2243 (18.1) | 3405 (30.1) | 4464 (24.1) | 2215 (23.9) | 2249 (24.3) | |||
| Higher | 1935 (8.2) | 540 (4.4) | 1395 (12.3) | 1147 (6.2) | 540 (5.8) | 607 (6.6) | |||
| Marital status | Never in union | 6681 (28.2) | 3604 (29.1) | 3077 (27.2) | 0.049 | 4904 (26.5) | 2469 (26.7) | 2435 (26.3) | 0.01 |
| Currently in union | 14 352 (60.5) | 7365 (59.4) | 6987 (61.8) | 11 441 (61.8) | 5715 (61.8) | 5726 (61.9) | |||
| Formerly in union | 2678 (11.3) | 1428 (11.5) | 1250 (11.0) | 2159 (11.7) | 1068 (11.5) | 1091 (11.8) | |||
| Living children | ≤2 | 12 840 (54.2) | 6648 (53.6) | 6192 (54.7) | 0.049 | 9589 (51.8) | 4770 (51.6) | 4819 (52.1) | 0.011 |
| 3–5 | 6681 (28.2) | 3449 (27.8) | 3232 (28.6) | 5410 (29.2) | 2714 (29.3) | 2696 (29.1) | |||
| ≥6 | 4190 (17.7) | 2300 (18.6) | 1890 (16.7) | 3505 (18.9) | 1768 (19.1) | 1737 (18.8) | |||
| Wealth index | Poorest | 4901 (20.7) | 3071 (24.8) | 1830 (16.2) | 0.340 | 3496 (18.9) | 1746 (18.9) | 1750 (18.9) | 0.005 |
| Poorer | 4661 (19.7) | 2653 (21.4) | 2008 (17.7) | 3719 (20.1) | 1859 (20.1) | 1860 (20.1) | |||
| Middle | 4508 (19.0) | 2453 (19.8) | 2055 (18.2) | 3783 (20.4) | 1884 (20.4) | 1899 (20.5) | |||
| Richer | 4518 (19.1) | 2254 (18.2) | 2264 (20.0) | 3814 (20.6) | 1911 (20.7) | 1903 (20.6) | |||
| Richest | 5123 (21.6) | 1966 (15.9) | 3157 (27.9) | 3692 (20.0) | 1852 (20.0) | 1840 (19.9) | |||
| Religion | No religion | 350 (1.5) | 201 (1.6) | 149 (1.3) | 0.026 | 258 (1.4) | 119 (1.3) | 139 (1.5) | 0.018 |
| Muslim | 2793 (11.8) | 1468 (11.8) | 1325 (11.7) | 2126 (11.5) | 1063 (11.5) | 1063 (11.5) | |||
| Christianity | 20 568 (86.7) | 10 728 (86.5) | 9840 (87.0) | 16 120 (87.1) | 8070 (87.2) | 8050 (87.0) | |||
| Region | Kampala | 1640 (6.9) | 596 (4.8) | 1044 (9.2) | 0.302 | 1125 (6.1) | 574 (6.2) | 551 (6.0) | 0.037 |
| Central 1 | 2058 (8.7) | 946 (7.6) | 1112 (9.8) | 1575 (8.5) | 812 (8.8) | 763 (8.2) | |||
| Central 2 | 1864 (7.9) | 930 (7.5) | 934 (8.3) | 1532 (8.3) | 767 (8.3) | 765 (8.3) | |||
| Busoga | 1959 (8.3) | 1080 (8.7) | 879 (7.8) | 1563 (8.4) | 783 (8.5) | 780 (8.4) | |||
| Bukedi | 1554 (6.6) | 845 (6.8) | 709 (6.3) | 1259 (6.8) | 625 (6.8) | 634 (6.9) | |||
| Bugishu | 1247 (5.3) | 689 (5.6) | 558 (4.9) | 958 (5.2) | 458 (5.0) | 500 (5.4) | |||
| Teso | 1695 (7.1) | 867 (7.0) | 828 (7.3) | 1406 (7.6) | 709 (7.7) | 697 (7.5) | |||
| Karamoja | 883 (3.7) | 579 (4.7) | 304 (2.7) | 562 (3.0) | 273 (3.0) | 289 (3.1) | |||
| Lango | 1638 (6.9) | 901 (7.3) | 737 (6.5) | 1309 (7.1) | 644 (7.0) | 665 (7.2) | |||
| Acholi | 1460 (6.2) | 653 (5.3) | 807 (7.1) | 1183 (6.4) | 611 (6.6) | 572 (6.2) | |||
| West Nile | 1589 (6.7) | 1113 (9.0) | 476 (4.2) | 913 (4.9) | 452 (4.9) | 461 (5.0) | |||
| Bunyoro | 1551 (6.5) | 792 (6.4) | 759 (6.7) | 1281 (6.9) | 636 (6.9) | 645 (7.0) | |||
| Tooro | 1696 (7.2) | 918 (7.4) | 778 (6.9) | 1421 (7.7) | 710 (7.7) | 711 (7.7) | |||
| Ankole | 1672 (7.1) | 853 (6.9) | 819 (7.2) | 1408 (7.6) | 699 (7.6) | 709 (7.7) | |||
| Kigezi | 1205 (5.1) | 635 (5.1) | 570 (5.0) | 1009 (5.5) | 499 (5.4) | 510 (5.5) | |||
Distribution of study outcomes before and after PSM.
PSM, propensity score-matched; SMD, standardised mean differences.