Correlations between PTSD (IES-R total score, avoidance, intrusion and hyperarousal) with the sample characteristics
| IES-R | Avoidance | Intrusion | Hyperarousal | |
| Sex (0=male; 1=female) | 0.205* | 0.192* | 0.208* | 0.171 |
| Age | 0.192* | 0.135 | 0.246** | 0.153* |
| Education | −0.032 | 0.014 | −0.065 | −0.035 |
| Occupation (0=active worker; 1=non active worker) | 0.340** | 0.221* | 0.381** | 0.350** |
| Years from diagnosis | 0.016 | −0.001 | 0.062 | −0.032 |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.099 | −0.115 | −0.076 | −0.09 |
| Previous abdominal surgeries (0=yes; 1=no) | 0.059 | 0.026 | 0.058 | 0.088 |
| On treatment with cardiovascular drugs (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.068 | −0.128 | −0.036 | −0.023 |
| Respiratory comorbidities (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.278** | −0.187* | −0.299** | −0.297** |
| Other comorbidities (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.186* | 0.07 | −0.222* | −0.232* |
| Previous psychotherapy (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.216* | −0.165 | −0.194* | −0.257** |
| Psychiatric or psychological support during the COVID-19 pandemic (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.136 | −0.075 | −0.143 | −0.168 |
| Prescribed psychoactive drugs (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.551** | −0.482** | −0.523** | −0.544** |
| Prescribed psychoactive drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.437** | −0.361** | −0.366** | −0.523** |
| Having reported at least one positive test for COVID-19 | 0.045 | 0.078 | 0.022 | 0.028 |
| Having downloaded the Italian tracking system (Immuni) (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.054 | −0.095 | −0.03 | −0.025 |
| Vaccine hesitancy (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.015 | −0.025 | −0.009 | −0.008 |
| Great concerns about being infected by COVID-19 (0=yes; 1=no) | −0.265** | −0.272** | −0.248** | −0.250** |
| PHQ-9 score | 0.634** | 0.746** | 0.718** | 0.751** |
| GAD-7 score | 0.689** | 0.803** | 0.760** | 0.818** |
| ISI score | 0.504** | 0.573** | 0.566** | 0.537** |
*P<0.05; **p<0.01.
Variables in bold reported at least two significant correlations with a minimum of three out of four domains of PTSD, which have been selected as independent variables for the linear regression models aimed at investigating the elements explaining the variance of PTSD.
GAD-7, General Anxiety Disorder-7; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.