Table 3

Relative risk of death for increasing deprivation stratified by category of death, and testing for interactions by characteristics of the child deaths

Measure	Unadjusted					Adjusted*
Measure	n	Risk per 10 000 children/year	RR95% CI	P value		n	RR 95% CI	P value
All deaths	2688	22.47 (21.63–23.34)	1.11 (1.09 to 1.12)	<0.001		2670	1.08 (1.07 to 1.10)	<0.001
Acute medical and surgical	171	1.43 (1.22–1.66)	1.06 (1.01 to 1.12)	0.030		170	1.06 (1.00 to 1.12)	0.052
Congenital anomalies	665	5.56 (5.15–6.00)	1.17 (1.14 to 1.21)	<0.001		658	1.13 (1.10 to 1.17)	<0.001
Chronic medical	134	1.12 (0.94–1.33)	1.09 (1.03 to 1.16)	0.004		134	1.09 (1.02 to 1.17)	0.007
Deliberately inflicted injury	61	0.51 (0.39–0.66)	1.13 (1.03 to 1.24)	0.009		61	1.11 (1.00 to 1.22)	0.040
Infection	172	1.44 (1.23–1.67)	1.13 (1.07 to 1.19)	<0.001		172	1.11 (1.05 to 1.18)	<0.001
Malignancy	210	1.76 (1.53–2.01)	1.00 (0.95 to 1.04)	0.868		210	1.00 (0.95 to 1.05)	0.979
Perinatal	845	7.06 (6.60–7.56)	1.11 (1.09 to 1.14)	<0.001		836	1.07 (1.04 to 1.10)	<0.001
SUDIC	212	1.77 (1.54–2.03)	1.13 (1.08 to 1.19)	<0.001		211	1.10 (1.05 to 1.16)	<0.001
Suicide or deliberate self-inflicted harm	102	0.85 (0.70–1.04)	1.01 (0.94 to 1.08)	0.831		102	1.03 (0.96 to 1.10)	0.475
Trauma and other external factors	116	0.97 (0.80–1.16)	1.06 (0.99 to 1.13)	0.075		116	1.05 (0.98 to 1.12)	0.174
Interactions			RR 95% CI	P value	^{P_interaction}		RR 95% CI	P value	P_interaction
Sex					0.227				0.196
Female	1165	19.98 (18.85–21.16)	1.11 (1.09 to 1.13)	<0.001		1165	1.07 (1.05 to 1.09)	<0.001
Male	1505	24.55 (23.33–25.83)	1.10 (1.08 to 1.11)	<0.001		1505	1.09 (1.07 to 1.11)	<0.001
Age					0.003				<0.001
<1 year	1675	261.81 (249.42–274.66)	1.11 (1.09 to 1.13)	<0.001		1659	1.10 (1.08 to 1.12)	<0.001
1–4 years	322	11.88 (10.62–13.25)	1.10 (1.06 to 1.14)	<0.001		321	1.09 (1.05 to 1.13)	<0.001
5–9 years	211	5.99 (5.21–6.85)	1.00 (0.96 to 1.05)	0.956		210	0.99 (0.95 to 1.04)	0.785
10–14 years	227	6.93 (6.06–7.89)	1.07 (1.03 to 1.12)	0.002		227	1.07 (1.02 to 1.11)	0.006
15–17 years	253	13.97 (12.30–15.80)	1.06 (1.01 to 1.10)	0.011		253	1.05 (1.01 to 1.09)	0.028
Area					0.616				0.463
Urban	2360	23.30 (22.37–24.26)	1.10 (1.09 to 1.12)	<0.001		2342	1.08 (1.06 to 1.10)	<0.001
Rural	328	17.89 (16.00–19.93)	1.12 (1.07 to 1.17)	<0.001		328	1.10 (1.05 to 1.16)	<0.001
Region					0.074				0.165
East Midlands	214	21.47 (18.69–24.54)	1.07 (1.02 to 1.12)	0.004		214	1.06 (1.01 to 1.11)	0.023
East of England	221	16.54 (14.43–18.87)	1.07 (1.02 to 1.13)	0.005		220	1.06 (1.01 to 1.11)	0.030
London	473	23.38 (21.32–25.59)	1.06 (1.02 to 1.10)	0.003		464	1.06 (1.01 to 1.10)	0.007
North East	109	20.56 (16.88–24.80)	1.06 (0.99 to 1.13)	0.098		109	1.04 (0.97 to 1.12)	0.233
North West	362	23.29 (20.95–25.95)	1.10 (1.06 to 1.14)	<0.001		360	1.08 (1.04 to 1.12)	<0.001
South East	336	17.16 (15.37–19.09)	1.11 (1.07 to 1.15)	<0.001		336	1.09 (1.05 to 1.14)	<0.001
South West	232	21.03 (18.41–23.92)	1.10 (1.05 to 1.16)	<0.001		232	1.09 (1.03 to 1.14)	0.001
West Midlands	400	30.93 (27.98–34.12)	1.16 (1.11 to 1.20)	<0.001		395	1.14 (1.09 to 1.19)	<0.001
Yorkshire and the Humber	341	29.24 (26.22–32.51)	1.10 (1.06 to 1.14)	<0.001		340	1.09 (1.05 to 1.13)	<0.001

N.B. In this work, an increase in the deprivation decile indicates a higher level of local deprivation.
*Adjusted for age, sex, region and rural/urban area.
RR, Relative Risk; SUDIC, sudden unexplained death in childhood.