Table 3

Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs), with 95% CI, for medical diagnosis of self-reported depression, according to independent variables, nationally and by region


BrazilNorthNortheastSoutheastSouthCentral-West
PR95% CIPR95% CIPR95% CIPR95% CIPR95% CIPR95% CI
Level 1
Geographical areap<0.001p=0.020p=0.003p=0.583p=0.449p=0.020
 Rural111111
 Urban1.23*1.12 to 1.351.32*1.04 to 1.671.27*1.08 to 1.491.050.88 to 1.270.940.80 to 1.101.33*1.05 to 1.69
Sexp<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001
 Male111111
 Female2.75*2.52 to 2.992.39*1.94 to 2.943.26*2.84 to 3.732.59*2.23 to 3.002.94*2.56 to 3.372.63*2.16 to 3.21
Age (years)p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001
 15–19111111
 20–291.170.91 to 1.511.570.88 to 2.791.090.74 to 1.621.330.82 to 2.151.310.81 to 2.100.510.31 to 0.85
 30–391.73*1.36 to 2.191.96*1.09 to 3.521.81*1.25 to 2.621.73*1.09 to 2.752.06*1.29 to 3.291.050.67 to 1.65
 40–492.30*1.81 to 2.912.77*1.56 to 4.932.59*1.81 to 3.712.46*1.56 to 3.902.37*1.51 to 3.701.180.73 to 1.90
 50–592.32*1.84 to 2.932.42*1.39 to 4.222.99*2.07 to 4.322.36*1.51 to 3.672.36*1.50 to 3.711.310.82 to 2.09
 60–692.27*1.78 to 2.902.37*1.33 to 4.232.99*2.01 to 4.442.19*1.38 to 3.482.62*1.64 to 4.180.980.58 to 1.66
 70–791.87*1.44 to 2.422.14*1.11 to 4.112.36*1.57 to 3.561.74*1.06 to 2.832.30*1.40 to 3.800.910.52 to 1.59
 ≥801.61*1.18 to 2.181.320.57 to 3.041.74*1.05 to 2.891.530.88 to 2.672.35*1.35 to 4.090.840.40 to 1.75
Skin colourp<0.001p=0.097p=0.252p=0.002p=0.349p=0.048
 White111111
 Black0.69*0.61 to 0.78*1.050.65 to 1.720.870.70 to 1.070.70*0.57 to 0.86*0.980.77 to 1.250.68*0.49 to 0.92*
 Others†0.74*0.69 to 0.80*0.810.65 to 1.010.900.78 to 1.030.87*0.76 to 0.99*0.890.77 to 1.040.930.78 to 1.10
Education (years of schooling)p<0.001p=0.608p=0.058p=0.035p=0.037p=0.574
 01.29*1.11 to 1.500.990.6 to 1.461.210.97 to 1.491.160.80 to 1.671.280.95 to 1.720.820.57 to 1.17
 1–81.140.96 to 1.341.050.66 to 1.671.150.9 to 1.441.000.67 to 1.481.040.77 to 1.410.850.57 to 1.28
 9–111.33*1.12 to 1.581.180.76 to 1.841.37*1.07 to 1.741.260.85 to 1.861.090.79 to 1.500.900.60 to 1.36
 ≥12111111
Marital statusp<0.001p=0.009p=0.106p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001
 Married111111
 Single1.010.93 to 1.100.850.69 to 1.041.070.92 to 1.241.080.92 to 1.261.050.90 to 1.221.030.84 to 1.26
 Widowed1.060.95 to 1.191.340.89 to 1.990.950.77 to 1.161.170.97 to 1.410.850.70 to 1.041.36*1.01 to 1.83
 Separated/divorced1.43*1.29 to 1.591.350.95 to 1.931.24*1.03 to 1.501.46*1.23 to 1.741.37*1.15 to 1.621.68*1.35 to 2.08
Level 2
Currently smokingp<0.001p=0.480p=0.001p=0.135p=0.030p=0.006
 No111111
 Yes1.26*1.14 to 1.381.110.83 to 1.501.38*1.14 to 1.671.130.96 to 1.341.18*1.02 to 1.371.34*1.09 to 1.65
Alcohol abusep=0.911p=0.470p=0.337p=0.464p=0.916p=0.167
 No111111
 Yes1.010.81 to 1.270.800.43 to 1.470.830.56 to 1.221.150.79 to 1.671.020.73 to 1.410.770.53 to 1.12
Screen time (hours)p<0.001p=0.001p=0.034p=0.130p=0.015p<0.001
 <6111111
 ≥61.31*1.16 to 1.481.91*1.31 to 2.771.25*1.02 to 1.541.180.95 to 1.461.34*1.06 to 1.701.90*1.49 to 2.42
Level 3
Physical disorder (any)p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001
 No111111
 Yes1.80*1.67 to 1.972.46*1.98 to 3.061.77*1.55 to 2.011.72*1.48 to 2.001.67*1.49 to 1.882.01*1.68 to 2.40
Mental health comorbidity (any)p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001p<0.001
 111111
 5.05*4.68 to 5.467.13*5.80 to 8.776.11*5.41 to 6.915.38*4.72 to 6.123.63*3.20 to 4.114.31*3.63 to 5.13

  • *Intervals that did not cross 1.

  • †Others (indigenous, yellow and brown).