Characteristics and changes in lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 in Japan according to body weight change categories; Japanese men and women aged 30 years and older, NIPPON DATA2010
| Body weight change category (young/middle age) n (%) | Body weight change category (older adults) n (%) | |||||||
| Increased 272 (29.9) n (%) | Unchanged 555 (60.9) n (%) | Decreased 84 (9.2) n (%) | P value | Increased 164 (18.2) n (%) | Unchanged 637 (70.9) n (%) | Decreased 98 (10.9) n (%) | P value | |
| Characteristics | ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 83 (24.2) | 222 (64.7) | 38 (11.1) | 0.010 | 51 (12.8) | 301 (75.6) | 46 (11.6) | 0.001 |
| Female | 189 (33.3) | 333 (58.6) | 46 (8.1) | 113 (22.6) | 336 (67.1) | 52 (10.4) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 30–49 | 105 (32.9) | 186 (58.3) | 28 (8.8) | 0.334 | ||||
| 50–69 | 167 (28.2) | 369 (62.3) | 56 (9.5) | |||||
| ≥70 | 164 (18.2) | 637 (70.9) | 98 (10.9) | |||||
| Educational status | ||||||||
| Junior high school | 18 (30.5) | 37 (62.7) | 4 (6.8) | 0.936 | 47 (15.8) | 222 (74.7) | 28 (9.4) | 0.289 |
| High school | 111 (29.1) | 233 (61.0) | 38 (9.9) | 82 (19.3) | 298 (70.1) | 45 (10.6) | ||
| College/university | 143 (30.4) | 285 (60.6) | 42 (8.9) | 35 (19.8) | 117 (66.1) | 25 (14.1) | ||
| COVID-19 cases per 100 000 in address prefecture | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (lowest) | 51 (23.8) | 149 (69.6) | 14 (6.5) | 0.032 | 26 (10.4) | 195 (78.0) | 29 (11.6) | 0.003 |
| Quartile 2 | 66 (28.7) | 134 (58.3) | 30 (13.0) | 41 (18.7) | 159 (72.6) | 19 (8.7) | ||
| Quartile 3 | 81 (34.5) | 134 (57.0) | 20 (8.5) | 52 (24.0) | 144 (66.4) | 21 (9.7) | ||
| Quartile 4 (highest) | 74 (31.9) | 138 (59.5) | 20 (8.6) | 45 (21.1) | 139 (65.3) | 29 (13.6) | ||
| Changes in lifestyles | ||||||||
| Physical activity | ||||||||
| Increased | 16 (16.2) | 58 (58.6) | 25 (25.3) | <0.001 | 12 (19.4) | 42 (67.7) | 8 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| No change | 106 (20.0) | 386 (72.8) | 38 (7.2) | 75 (12.3) | 481 (78.9) | 54 (8.9) | ||
| Decreased | 150 (53.2) | 111 (39.4) | 21 (7.4) | 77 (33.9) | 114 (50.2) | 36 (15.9) | ||
| Home-cooked meals | ||||||||
| Increased | 88 (38.8) | 115 (50.7) | 24 (10.6) | 0.005 | 35 (35.4) | 51 (51.5) | 13 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| No change | 177 (26.6) | 430 (64.7) | 58 (8.7) | 122 (15.8) | 572 (74.1) | 78 (10.1) | ||
| Decreased | 7 (36.8) | 10 (52.6) | 2 (10.5) | 7 (25.0) | 14 (50.0) | 7 (25.0) | ||
| Lunch box or ready-made meals | ||||||||
| Increased | 55 (42.6) | 64 (49.6) | 10 (7.8) | <0.001 | 20 (31.7) | 32 (50.8) | 11 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| No change | 175 (26.4) | 432 (65.2) | 56 (8.4) | 118 (16.1) | 539 (73.6) | 75 (10.2) | ||
| Decreased | 42 (35.3) | 59 (49.6) | 18 (15.1) | 26 (25.0) | 66 (63.5) | 12 (11.5) | ||
| Eating between meals | ||||||||
| Increased | 104 (64.2) | 49 (30.2) | 9 (5.6) | <0.001 | 54 (51.9) | 41 (39.4) | 9 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| No change | 143 (21.3) | 475 (70.9) | 52 (7.8) | 93 (13.2) | 539 (76.6) | 72 (10.2) | ||
| Decreased | 25 (31.6) | 31 (39.2) | 23 (29.1) | 17 (18.7) | 57 (62.6) | 17 (18.7) | ||
| Vegetables | ||||||||
| Increased | 45 (36.3) | 59 (47.6) | 20 (16.1) | <0.001 | 34 (26.2) | 83 (63.8) | 13 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| No change | 206 (27.8) | 478 (64.4) | 58 (7.8) | 109 (15.2) | 530 (73.8) | 79 (11.0) | ||
| Decreased | 21 (46.7) | 18 (40.0) | 6 (13.3) | 21 (41.2) | 24 (47.1) | 6 (11.8) | ||
| Alcohol | ||||||||
| No drinking | 114 (30.6) | 231 (62.1) | 27 (7.3) | <0.001 | 100 (19.6) | 365 (71.4) | 46 (9.0) | 0.002 |
| Increased | 33 (39.8) | 37 (44.6) | 13 (15.7) | 7 (35.0) | 11 (55.0) | 2 (10.0) | ||
| No change | 107 (27.7) | 254 (65.8) | 25 (6.5) | 47 (15.5) | 223 (73.4) | 34 (11.2) | ||
| Decreased | 18 (25.7) | 33 (47.1) | 19 (27.1) | 10 (15.6) | 38 (59.4) | 16 (25.0) | ||
The results of a χ2 test are shown.
NIPPON DATA2010, National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged 2010.