Characteristics of the subject in type 2 diabetes and non-type 2 diabetes group, by gender
| Variable | Male | Female | |||||
| Type 2 diabetes (n=773) | Non-type 2 diabetes (n=2222) | P value | Type 2 diabetes (n=1048) | Non-type 2 diabetes (n=4426) | P value | ||
| Age*, years | 52.46±9.33 | 49.04±10.99 | <0.001 | 55.64±9.42 | 49.44±10.06 | <0.001 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.12±3.37 | 25.57±3.43 | <0.001 | 25.88±3.74 | 24.22±3.32 | <0.001 | |
| Waist circumference, cm | 92.27±9.21 | 90.48±9.55 | <0.001 | 86.94±9.79 | 81.96±9.12 | <0.001 | |
| Rickets, n (%) | 59 (7.6) | 132 (5.9) | 0.104 | 81 (7.7) | 354 (8.0) | 0.700 | |
| Education, n (%) | Primary school education or below | 28 (3.6) | 86 (3.9) | 0.038 | 116 (11.1) | 283 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Junior or high school education | 430 (55.6) | 1102 (49.6) | 666 (63.5) | 2437 (55.1) | |||
| Bachelor degree or above | 296 (35.7) | 903 (40.6) | 202 (19.3) | 1434 (32.4) | |||
| The situation of education unclear | 39 (5.0) | 131 (5.9) | 66 (6.1) | 272 (6.1) | |||
| Smoking, n (%) | Smokers | 310 (40.1) | 870 (39.2) | 0.836 | 37 (3.5) | 175 (4.0) | 0.059 |
| Non-smokers | 391 (50.6) | 1156 (52.0) | 984 (93.9) | 4188 (94.6) | |||
| Former smokers | 66 (8.5) | 175 (7.9) | 11 (1.0) | 28 (0.6) | |||
| The situation of smoking unclear | 6 (0.7) | 22 (0.9) | 16 (1.5) | 35 (0.8) | |||
| Drinking, n (%) | Drinking | 462 (59.8) | 1404 (63.2) | 0.219 | 145 (13.8) | 909 (20.5) | <0.001 |
| Non-drinking | 304 (39.3) | 796 (35.8) | 890 (84.9) | 3453 (78.0) | |||
| The situation of drinking unclear | 7 (0.9) | 22 (1.0) | 13 (1.2) | 64 (1.4) | |||
| Exercise, n (%) | 418 (54.1) | 1039 (46.8) | 0.001 | 558 (53.2) | 1949 (44.0) | <0.001 | |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 171 (22.1) | 226 (10.2) | <0.001 | 268 (25.6) | 676 (15.3) | <0.001 | |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.28±1.19 | 5.00±0.99 | <0.001 | 5.50±1.04 | 5.18±1.00 | <0.001 | |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 2.73±3.32 | 2.07±2.09 | <0.001 | 2.01±1.62 | 1.41±1.08 | <0.001 | |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.10±0.29 | 1.15±0.30 | <0.001 | 1.25±0.31 | 1.35±0.32 | <0.001 | |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.06±0.91 | 2.96±0.81 | 0.003 | 3.31±0.90 | 3.00±0.85 | <0.001 | |
*Values are mean±SD, or frequency (%). A two-sided P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.