Table 1

Characteristics of patients with SLE and associations between demographic/clinical variables and BID

Variables	Patients with SLE
Demographic factors	n	%	r	P value
Sex			0.063	0.359
Male	5	2.33
Female	210	97.67
Age (years)			−0.08	0.243
18–35	112	52.1
36–60	98	45.58
60	5	2.32
BMI (kg/m²)			0.025	0.715
<18.5	24	11.16
18.5–24.9	155	72.1
>24.9	36	16.74
Marital status			0.094	0.169
Married	177	82.33
Unmarried	38	17.67
Education level			0.17	0.012*
>9 years	109	50.7
≤9 years	106	49.3
Employment			−0.119	0.081
Yes	117	54.42
No	98	45.58
Income			0.004	0.953
<¥15 000	61	28.37
¥15 000–¥33000	103	47.91
>¥33 000	51	23.72
Tobacco use			−0.067	0.327
Yes	3	1.4
No	212	98.6
Alcohol use			−0.067	0.327
Yes	6	2.79
No	209	97.21
Exercise
Yes	85	39.53
No	130	60.47
Clinical factors
Course of disease			0.005	0.945
≤3 years	66	30.7
3–10 years	102	47.44
>10 years	47	21.86
Comorbidities			0.265	<0.001***
Yes	66	30.7
No	149	69.3
SLEDAI			0.208	0.002**
No	135	62.79
Mild	56	26.05
Moderate	20	9.3
Severe	4	1.86
Use of NSAIDs			0.003	0.961
≤7.5 mg/day	172	80
>7.5 mg/day	43	20

*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001.
BID, body image disturbance; BMI, body mass index; NSAIDs, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.