Table 3

Adjusted associations with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (UT2D) and diagnosed (DT2D) in adults in Iraq, 2015 (adjusted for all variables in the table)

VariableUT2DDT2D
ARRR (95% CI)P valueARRR (95% CI)P value
Predisposing indicators
Age in years
 18–341 (Reference)1 (Reference)
 35–491.59 (1.03 to 2.43)0.0347.67 (3.86 to 15.25)<0.001
 50 or more2.11 (1.30 to 3.43)0.00317.90 (8.42 to 38.06)<0.001
 Marital status
 Not married1 (Reference)1 (Reference)
 Married1.06 (0.70 to 1.61)0.7811.31 (0.90 to 1.89)0.156
Enabling/disabling indicators
Education
 <Primary1 (Reference)1 (Reference)
 Primary0.99 (0.64 to 1.51)0.9460.89 (0.63 to 1.26)0.509
 >Primary1.26 (0.85 to 1.86)0.2540.72 (0.50 to 1.04)0.079
Ever cholesterol screening
 No1 (Reference)1 (Reference)
 Yes0.86 (0.58 to 1.27)0.442.17 (1.58 to 2.99)<0.001
Healthcare advice (past 3 years)
 No1 (Reference)1 (Reference)
 Yes1.03 (0.71 to 1.48)0.8792.15 (1.56 to 2.96)<0.001
 Sedentary behaviour1.05 (0.70 to 1.58)0.811.08 (0.79 to 1.48)0.617
Physical activity
 Low1 (Reference)1 (Reference)
 Moderate0.88 (0.56 to 1.37)0.5630.90 (0.65 to 1.26)0.543
 High0.72 (0.44 to 1.18)0.1970.57 (0.38 to 0.84)0.005
Smoking tobacco
 Never1 (Reference)1 (Reference)
 Past1.43 (0.83 to 1.45)0.1931.19 (0.75 to 1.86)0.466
 Current1.11 (0.69 to 1.78)0.671.41 (0.98 to 2.03)0.064
Need indicators
 Elevated total cholesterol1.54 (1.05 to 2.24)0.0261.55 (1.17 to 2.06)0.002
 Heart attack or stroke0.94 (0.51 to 1.72)0.8381.81 (1.13 to 2.92)0.015
 Hypertension1.39 (0.96 to 2.03)0.0841.43 (0.99 to 2.07)0.056
Body mass index
 <25 kg/m21 (Reference)1 (Reference)
 Overweight0.93 (0.58 to 1.51)0.7751.17 (0.74 to 1.83)0.5
 Obesity1.07 (0.64 to 1.79)0.8011.14 (0.75 to 1.75)0.548
  • ARRR, adjusted relative risk ratio.