Indicators of optimal blood pressure (BP) goal
| Optimal BP goal (n=26 studies): pooled rate of attainment of optimal BP goal=38% (95% CI 30 to 46, I2=98.7%–95% CI 98.6 to 99.0), and I2 after meta-regression: 95.4%). Attainment of the optimal BP goal per region: Western: 31% (95% CI 20 to 43), Eastern: 40% (95% CI 24 to 57), Southern: 40% (95% CI 26 to 55), Central: 41% (95% CI 38 to 45) and Northern: 42% (95% CI 24 to 61). | ||||||
| Author and year | Country(ies) | Region of Africa | No. of study participants | Mean age of participants | % of females | % with optimal BP |
| Abdissa et al 202018 | Ethiopia | Eastern | 229 | – | 40.4 | 31.0 |
| Agboghoroma et al 202061 | Nigeria | Western | 200 | – | – | 30.0 |
| Akalu et al 202020 | Ethiopia | Eastern | 378 | – | 38.6 | 57.7 |
| Amour et al 201921 | Tanzania | Eastern | 238 | 57.2 | 65.7 | 21.7 |
| Awadalla et al 201787 | Sudan | Northern | 424 | – | 49.3 | 60.1 |
| Balogun et al 201164 | Nigeria | Western | 40 | 59.4 | 62.5 | 55.0 |
| Chadli et al 201690 | Morocco | Northern | 498 | 58.0 | 62.4 | 20.2 |
| Chahbi et al 201891 | Morocco | Northern | 300 | – | 93.0 | 32.6 |
| Chisha et al 201724 | Ethiopia | Eastern | 270 | – | 48.9 | 85.9 |
| Cohen et al 2010105 | Malawi | Southern | 620 | 52.2 | 60.1 | 48.0 |
| Hall et al 20175 120 | Cameroon | Central | 261 | 56.0 | 56.3 | 43.0 |
| Hayfron-Benjamin et al 201970 | Ghana | Western | 206 | 52.9 | 68.9 | 37.9 |
| Jingi et al 2015121 | Cameroon | Central | 407 | 54.2 | 41.8 | 40.4 |
| Kahloun et al 201496 | Tunisia | Northern | 2320 | 54.5 | 60.2 | 62.5 |
| Kimando et al 201736 | Kenya | Eastern | 385 | 62.1 | 65.5 | 50.4 |
| Lewis et al 2018107 | Zambia | Southern | 921 | 56.0 | 45.0 | 46.6 |
| Lumu et al 201739 | Uganda | Eastern | 425 | 52.2 | 67.0 | 54.7 |
| Magan et al 201941 | Uganda | Eastern | 44 | 50.4 | 63.4 | 34.1 |
| Megallaa et al 201997 | Egypt | Northern | 180 | – | 24.4 | 37.8 |
| Muddu et al 201645 | Uganda | Eastern | 202 | 46.0 | 49.5 | 38.1 |
| Mwebaze et al 201447 | Uganda | Eastern | 146 | 53.9 | 48.6 | 1.5 |
| Mwita et al 2019111 | Botswana | Southern | 500 | 58.9 | 66.0 | 54.2 |
| Onakpoya et al 201577 | Nigeria | Western | 133 | – | 48.1 | 24.1 |
| Rotchford et al 2002113 | South Africa | Southern | 253 | 56.5 | 73.1 | 14.0 |
| Sobngwi et al 20113 | Tanzania, Kenya, Cameroon, Ghana, Senegal and Nigeria | Eastern, Western and Central | 2352 | 53.0 | 61.1 | 21.0 |
| Uloko et al 201267 | Nigeria | Western | 531 | 57.1 | 60.5 | 17.0 |