Significant univariate analysis variables
| Variable | OR* | 95% CI | P value | n (positive)/N (responses) (%) | |
| Demographic | |||||
| Rent room in shared house | 1.84 | 1.22 to 2.74 | 0.003 | 33/209 (16) | |
| Live with other HCWs | 1.49 | 1.10 to 2.02 | 0.009 | 70/550 (13) | |
| Children attended school in June | 0.58 | 0.35 to 0.97 | 0.038 | 30/395 (7.6) | |
| Household member +ve PCR test | 3.48 | 2.09 to 5.78 | <0.0001 | 22/84 (26) | |
| Household member +ve Ab test | 11.29 | 7.08 to 18.01 | <0.0001 | 40/79 (51) | |
| Household member symptomatic | 3.71 | 2.8 to 4.96 | <0.0001 | 95/437 (22) | |
| Born in UK | 0.59 | 0.44 to 0.79 | <0.001 | 136/1616 (8.4) | |
| Ethnicity | 1.06 | 1.03 to 1.10 | <0.001† | 1584/2258‡ | |
| Occupational | |||||
| Job role | |||||
| Admin staff | 1 | — | — | 24/336 (7) | |
| Staff nurse | 2.02 | 1.18 to 3.43 | 0.01 | 40/298 (13.4) | |
| Physiotherapist | 4.33 | 1.83 to 10.25 | 0.001 | 9/36 (25) | |
| Direct patient care COVID-19 | 1.86 | 1.41 to 2.47 | <0.001 | 103/757 (13.6) | |
| Worked in red area | 1.78 | 1.33 to 2.38 | <0.001 | 85/618 (13.8) | |
| Specialty | |||||
| Non-patient-facing roles | 1 | — | — | 10/169 (6) | |
| Critical care | 2.51 | 1.10 to 5.77 | 0.029 | 16/117 (13.7) | |
| Acute medicine | 4.57 | 2.08 to 10.07 | <0.001 | 23/103 (22.3) | |
| Medical specialties | 4.35 | 2.01 to 9.42 | <0.001 | 26/121 (21.5) | |
| Surgical | 2.71 | 1.24 to 5.93 | 0.012 | 22/151 (14.6) | |
| Night shifts | 1.68 | 1.26 to 2.25 | <0.001 | 82/604 (13.6) | |
| Receive formal PPE training | 1.40 | 1.05 to 1.85 | 0.02 | 129/1141 (11.3) | |
| Adequate PPE available | |||||
| All of the time | 1 | — | — | 83/1038 (8) | |
| Most of the time | 1.34 | 0.98 to 1.83 | 0.065 | 92/882 (10.4) | |
| Some of the time | 1.93 | 1.22 to 3.05 | 0.005 | 28/195 (14.4) | |
| Rarely | 3.60 | 1.71 to 7.57 | 0.001 | 10/42 (23.8) | |
| Rest/meal with colleagues | |||||
| Never | 1 | — | — | ||
| Most of the time | 1.99 | 1.19 to 3.33 | 0.009 | § | |
| Use doctors’ mess | 1.77 | 1.17 to 2.69 | 0.007 | 30/195 (15.4) | |
| Hospital-supplied scrubs | 1.15 | 1.04 to 1.27 | 0.007 | ||
| Work from home—March | 0.60 | 0.39 to 0.91 | 0.016 | ||
| Work from home—June | 0.58 | 0.36 to 0.94 | 0.026 | ||
| Handover w/o social distancing | 1.74 | 1.31 to 2.30 | <0.0001 | ||
| Behavioural | |||||
| Smoker | 0.37 | 0.18 to 0.76 | 0.007 | ||
| Food deliveries—March | |||||
| Daily | 5.38 | 1.27 to 22.8 | 0.022 | ¶ | |
| Food deliveries—June | |||||
| Daily | 6.10 | 1.01 to 36.7 | 0.049 | ¶ | |
| Exercise outdoors—March | |||||
| Daily | 0.58 | 0.39 to 0.86 | 0.007 | ¶ | |
| Exercise outdoors—June | |||||
| Daily | 0.56 | 0.37 to 0.84 | 0.005 | ¶ |
*Unadjusted OR.
†P value for likelihood ratio test.
‡Number of participants identifying as white British.
§Compared with ‘never’.
¶Compared with <once per week.
Ab, antibody; HCWs, healthcare workers; PPE, personal protective equipment.