Infant (0–68 months) developmental outcomes, according to familial patterns of HIV infection
| Overall(N=1015) | Third generation (n=27) | Second generation (n=264) | No HIV exposure (n=724) | P value | |
| Mullen Scales of Child Development (M, SD) | |||||
| Gross Motor Score† | 49.6 (12.7) | 52.4 (16.1) | 47.0 (13.1)* | 50.4 (12.3) | 0.002 |
| Visual Reception Score | 42.1 (14.2) | 43.9 (14.7) | 40.7 (14.3) | 42.6 (14.2) | 0.14 |
| Fine Motor Score | 43.6 (14.6) | 44.3 (16.1) | 41.4 (15.2)* | 44.4 (14.2) | 0.014 |
| Receptive Language Score | 47.4 (13.6) | 47.7 (13.8) | 46.1 (15.0) | 47.8 (13.0) | 0.21 |
| Expressive Language Score | 51.6 (13.5) | 51.7 (13.4) | 50.7 (14.8) | 51.9 (13.0) | 0.48 |
| Composite Score | 93.2 (21.4) | 94.6 (23.4) | 90.6 (23.0)* | 94.1 (20.7) | 0.066 |
| WHO Disability Score-Any Disability (N, %) | 242 (26.7) | 7 (26.9) | 69 (27.7) | 166 (26.2) | 0.90 |
| Any Days Sick (past month) (N, %) | 218 (21.8) | 4 (17.4) | 41 (15.6) | 173 (24.2) | 0.013 |
Group comparisons were conducted using χ2 tests for categorical variables and univariate analyses of variance for continuous variables.
*Statistically different from HIV unexposed group (p<0.05)
†Gross motor score: n=831. Mullen subdomain scores range from 20 to 80, composite scores from 49 to 155. Tukey’s range post hoc tests were undertaken to identify mean differences between groups for continuous variable
‡Statistically different from the second generation (p<0.05)