Outcomes, N=49
| Outcome category, n* of studies reported each category | Outcome subcategories according to the common themes identified | n*, (%) |
| Clinical, n=29 (59.2%) Broad categories of clinical outcomes reported | Perioperative mortality | 13 (26.5%) |
| SSI | 14 (28.6%) | |
| Other surgical complications excluding SSI | 17 (34.7%) | |
| Other clinical (adverse events, measure of pelvic floor muscles strength, pain score, quality of life) | 17 (34.7%) | |
| Process, n=34 (69.4%) Broad categories of process outcomes reported | Length of stay, waiting time, delays within facilities | 8 (16.3%) |
| Safety procedures | 7 (14.3%) | |
| Adherence to a protocol | 5 (10.2%) | |
| Other process (attendance, postoperative and preoperative care, number of inpatient admissions, no of follow-up visits, staff time, data quality recorded, number of therapy sessions for patients, dose frequency, surgery booking status, completeness and accuracy of electronic records) | 14 (28.6%) | |
| Implementation, n=35 (71.4%) | Acceptability | 13 (26.5%) |
| Adoption | 20 (40.8%) | |
| Appropriateness | 8 (16.3%) | |
| Feasibility | 10 (20.4%) | |
| Fidelity | 9 (18.4%) | |
| Cost | 2 (4.1%) | |
| Penetration | 18 (36.7%) | |
| Sustainability | 9 (18.4%) | |
| Other, 29 (59.2%) | Structural | 24 (49.0%) |
| Cost of treatment/materials† | 4 (8.2%) | |
| Staff/patient satisfaction | 4 (8.2%) | |
| Behaviour related‡ | 3 (6.1%) | |
| Training outcomes (change in knowledge, skills and attitude at assessment) | 3 (6.1%) | |
| Collaborative relationship§ | 1 (2.0%) | |
| Interobserver agreement | 1 (2.0%) | |
| Patient asked about side effects and feeling of receiving dose of ketamine | 1 (2.0%) | |
| Formal use of Evaluation Frameworks, n=7 (14.3 %) | Donabedian Model23 | 2 (4.1%) |
| Kirkpatrick103 | 3 (6.1%) | |
| Implementation Outcome Taxonomy by Proctor et al20 | 2 (4.1%) |
The reporting of study methods and results were suboptimal. Recommended reporting guidelines were rarely cited (7/49, 14.3%).
*The total in each type can exceed the total number of articles (N=49), due to studies reporting several outcomes from the same category and more than one category in the same study.
†Cost of a drug or a single item provided to make it possible for an intervention to take place. It contributes to the cost of implementation, however, it is not possible to calculate cost of implementation based on this data alone. Implementation cost is the cost impact of implementing effort and will depend on three components: the costs of the particular intervention, the implementation strategy used and the location of service delivery.20
‡Relationship formed during consultation between patient and staff and assessed using a special proforma.
§Change in behaviour following training, behaviour change using WHO Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale (WHOBARS), attitude.
SSI, Surgical Site Infection.