Pooled estimates for between-group difference in type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors from RCTs replacing white rice with brown rice
| Risk factor | Number of studies | Mean difference (95% CI)† | I2 value for heterogeneity (%) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 11 | 0.06 (0.00 to 0.11) | 65.28 |
| HOMA-IR | 6 | −0.14 (−0.43 to 0.15) | 0.00 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 10 | −0.07 (−0.23 to 0.09) | 58.37 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7 | −0.05 (−0.14 to 0.05) | 42.66 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 11 | −0.00 (−0.01 to 0.01) | 0.00 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 11 | −0.05 (−0.25 to 0.16) | 82.95 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 11 | −0.06 (−0.23 to 0.11) | 59.56 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 8 | −3.73 (−7.04 to −0.41) | 76.22 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 8 | −2.26 (−4.54 to 0.01) | 78.55 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 8 | −0.79 (−2.11 to 0.53) | 76.97 |
Mean difference in change from baseline (95% CI) of T2D risk factors between brown rice and white rice (control) regimens from RCTs. Trials evaluated the effect of replacing white rice with brown rice. Pooled estimates from the random-effects analysis are shown and based on a maximum of 11 RCTs (n=1034). The I2 values for heterogeneity are shown. Effect estimates for individual studies along with study weights and fixed-effects models are shown in online supplemental figures 8–14. Conversion of glucose in mg/dl to mmol/l by multiplying 0.0555. Conversion of triglycerides in mg/dl to mmol/l by multiplying 0.0113. Conversion of cholesterol in mg/dl to mmol/l by multiplying 0.0259.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RCTs, randomised controlled trials.