Table 5

Summary of the effect of exercise on body composition in patients with CKD

StudyDesignStage of CKDk (n)*Exercise typeModeSMD (95% CI)Effect sizeP valueI2GRADE
Chen et al27RCTKTRs4 (166)MixedSMD: 0.02 (−0.28 to 0.33)Small0.890.0%⨁◯◯◯
Yamamoto et al49RCTPredialysis10 (414)AESMD: −0.19 (−0.38 to 0.00)Small0.0260.0%⨁⨁◯◯
Zhang et al52RCTPredialysis13 (466)MixedSMD: −0.21 (−0.39 to 0.03)Small0.020.0%⨁⨁⨁◯
Vanden Wyngaert et al47RCTPredialysis9 (294)AESMD: −0.36 (−0.60 to 0.13)Small0.00248.0%⨁⨁◯◯
  • Mixed means aerobic exercise combined with resistance training.

  • *Number of included studies and corresponding sample size.

  • AE, aerobic exercise; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; KTRs, kidney transplant recipients; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SMD, standardised mean difference.