Baseline characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics | Non-hypertension (n=8118) | IDH (n=735) | Non-IDH (n=9943) | Overall | P value |
| Participant, n (%) | 8118 (43.2) | 735 (3.9) | 9943 (52.9) | 18 796 (100.0) | |
| Followed time, years | 3.25±0.49 | 3.37±0.49 | 3.24±0.53 | 3.25±0.51 | <0.001 |
| Mean age, years | 57.55±9.56 | 55.53±9.24 | 63.00±9.51 | 60.35±9.93 | <0.001 |
| 40–49 | 1828 (22.5) | 209 (28.4) | 858 (8.6) | 2895 (15.4) | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 2883 (35.5) | 286 (38.9) | 2595 (26.1) | 5764 (30.7) | |
| 60–69 | 2535 (31.2) | 188 (25.6) | 4040 (40.6) | 6763 (36.0) | |
| ≥70 | 872 (10.7) | 52 (7.1) | 2450 (24.6) | 3374 (18.0) | |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Men | 3026 (37.3) | 378 (51.4) | 3932 (39.5) | 7336 (39.0) | <0.001 |
| Women | 5092 (62.7) | 357 (48.6) | 6011 (60.5) | 11 460 (61.0) | |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| Primary school or lower | 3417 (42.1) | 297 (40.4) | 5575 (56.1) | 9289 (49.4) | <0.001 |
| Middle school | 3538 (43.6) | 318 (43.3) | 3349 (33.7) | 7205 (38.3) | |
| High school or above | 1163 (14.3) | 120 (16.3) | 1019 (10.2) | 2302 (12.2) | |
| Annual household income (yuan), n (%) | |||||
| <5000 | 2224 (27.4) | 166 (22.6) | 3946 (39.7) | 6336 (33.7) | <0.001 |
| 5000–9999 | 1401 (17.3) | 146 (19.9) | 1756 (17.7) | 3303 (17.6) | |
| 10 000–19 999 | 1541 (19.0) | 147 (20.0) | 1569 (15.8) | 3257 (17.3) | |
| ≥20 000 | 2952 (36.4) | 276 (37.6) | 2672 (26.9) | 5900 (31.4) | |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 | 23.910±3.35 | 25.36±3.90 | 25.33±3.74 | 24.72±3.65 | <0.001 |
| Mean SBP, mm Hg | 124.12±10.35 | 133.63±5.28 | 158.90±18.10 | 142.89±22.62 | <0.001 |
| Mean DBP, mm Hg | 77.61±6.96 | 93.45±3.40 | 91.14±11.23 | 85.39±11.59 | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 2135 (26.3) | 202 (27.5) | 2299 (23.1) | 4636 (24.7) | <0.001 |
| Current drinking, n (%) | 2138 (26.3) | 284 (38.6) | 2542 (25.6) | 4964 (26.4) | <0.001 |
| History of AF, n (%) | 72 (0.9) | 22 (3.0) | 121 (1.2) | 215 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 191 (2.4) | 42 (5.7) | 932 (9.4) | 1165 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| History of heart disease, n (%) | 295 (3.6) | 40 (5.4) | 779 (7.8) | 1114 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 905 (11.2) | 99 (13.5) | 2196 (22.1) | 3200 (17.1) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 2445 (30.2) | 289 (39.4) | 3978 (40.1) | 6712 (35.8) | <0.001 |
| Lack of exercise, n (%) | 831 (10.2) | 284 (11.4) | 1585 (15.9) | 2500 (13.3) | <0.001 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; IDH, isolated diastolic hypertension; SBP, systolic blood pressure.