Table 1

Pre-implementation staff barriers and enablers

Themes	Subthemes	Examples	Frequency
Enablers
Role of staff	Positive staff attitudes and behaviours	‘Encouragement by all staff members for the patient to utilise the trolley’	7
	Staff assistance and availability	‘Staff support to ensure time is available for patients to participate in the activities’	13
	Staff preparation	‘Clear parameters re: the aim behind EE on Wheels’	2
Patient characteristics		‘Suitable patient identification e.g. Cognitive and physical ability to use items’	5
Intervention characteristics	Variety and quality of activities	‘Variety of choices of activities’	8
	Activities tailored to patient needs	‘Ensuring activities are appropriate for patients’ level of function’	3
	Ease of access and use	‘Clear and simple instructions’	6
Barriers
Role of staff	Poor engagement/uptake	‘Staff engagement of process’	5
	Staff availability	‘Availability of volunteer to support’	7
	Knowledge and skills	‘Volunteers may need education regarding dementia etc. on dealing with patients’	4
Patient characteristics	Patient suitability	‘Lack of appropriate patients on ward’	4
Patient characteristics	Patient functioning and medical status	‘…Patients level of understanding and function’	7
Intervention characteristics	Poor variety	‘Poor variety, with resources not interesting for patients’	3
Ward environment	Infection control	‘Infection control is going to be a big issue with electronic gadgets’	8
	Maintenance of activities	‘Items may become lost or destroyed’	2
	Competing treatment demands	‘Time - during therapist work hours clash with therapy time’	2
	Equitable access	‘Jealousy from other patients’	7

EE, environmental enrichment.