Demographic characteristics and outcomes of the maintained and decreased functional status groups
| Total | Maintained group | Decreased group | P value | |
| N=538 | n=400 | n=138 | ||
| Age (years) | 79 (73–84) | 77 (71.3–83) | 82 (76–86.3) | <0.001 |
| Sex (male/female) | 168/370 | 131/269 | 37/101 | 0.194 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.3 (16.6–22.3) | 19.7 (16.7–22.6) | 18.6 (16.4–20.9) | 0.002 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 66 (12.3) | 41 (10.3) | 25 (18.1) | <0.001 |
| DOC, n (%) | 158 (29.4) | 91 (22.8) | 67 (48.6) | <0.001 |
| Bedsore, n (%) | 15 (2.8) | 11 (2.8) | 4 (2.9) | 0.927 |
| Aspiration pneumonia, n (%) | 121 (22.5) | 59 (14.8) | 62 (44.9) | <0.001 |
| In rehabilitation, n (%) | 293 (54.5) | 189 (47.3) | 104 (75.4) | <0.001 |
| CCI, n (%) | 0.445 | |||
| ≤1 | 167 (31.0) | 127 (31.8) | 40 (29.0) | |
| 2 | 150 (27.9) | 115 (28.8) | 35 (25.4) | |
| ≥3 | 221 (41.1) | 158 (39.5) | 63 (45.7) | |
| PSI category, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| II | 22 (4.1) | 21 (5.25) | 1 (0.7) | |
| III | 107 (19.9) | 90 (22.5) | 17 (12.3) | |
| IV | 225 (41.8) | 173 (43.3) | 52 (37.7) | |
| V | 184 (34.2) | 116 (29.0) | 68 (49.3) | |
| ADL before admission, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Independent | 367 (68.2) | 280 (70.0) | 87 (63.0) | |
| Semidependent | 127 (23.6) | 76 (19.0) | 51 (37.0) | |
| Dependent | 44 (8.2) | 44 (11.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| ADL after admission, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Independent | 291 (54.1) | 291 (72.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Semidependent | 121 (22.5) | 65 (16.3) | 56 (40.6) | |
| Dependent | 126 (23.4) | 44 (11.0) | 82 (59.4) | |
| LOS (days) | 15 (9–26) | 13 (9–19.8) | 27 (14–46.3) | <0.001 |
| Survival outcome, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Home | 275 (51.1) | 271 (67.8) | 4 (2.9) | |
| Home nursing | 135 (25.1) | 85 (21.3) | 50 (36.2) | |
| Facility | 42 (7.8) | 20 (5.0) | 22 (15.9) | |
| Hospital | 41 (7.6) | 16 (4.0) | 25 (18.1) | |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 51 (9.2) | 8 (2.0) | 37 (26.8) | <0.001 |
| Key person, n (%) | 0.013 | |||
| Children | 239 (44.5) | 163 (40.9) | 76 (50.1) | |
| Spouse | 256 (47.7) | 204 (51.1) | 52 (37.7) | |
| Others | 42 (7.8) | 32 (8.0) | 10 (7.3) | |
| Cost ($) | 5231 (3822–7989) | 4740 (3542–6488) | 8667 (4985–12 901) | <0.001 |
ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; DOC, disorder of consciousness; LOS, length of stay; PSI, Pneumonia Severity Index.