Bivariable and multivariable results showing the association of independent variable with birth trauma in the public hospital of South Wollo, northeast Ethiopia, August 2021
| Variables | Category | Birth trauma | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Yes | No | |||||
| Duration of labour | Prolonged/≥1 hour | 47 | 122 | 4.90 (2.98 to 8.05) | 5.78 (3 to 11.15) | <0.0001 |
| Normal/<1 hour (ref) | 31 | 394 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Antenatal follow-up | <4 follow-up | 6 | 67 | 0.56 (0.23 to 1.34) | 0.92 (0.27 to 3.19) | 0.9 |
| 4 and above (ref) | 72 | 449 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Birth weight (BW) | Low BW <2.50 kg | 13 | 62 | 2.08 (1.06 to 4.09) | 2.36 (0.91 to 6.11) | 0.08 |
| Large BW (≥4 kg) | 22 | 27 | 8.09 (4.25 to 15.41) | 9.18 (3.92 to 21.50) | <0.0001 | |
| Normal BW (2.50–4 kg) (ref) | 43 | 427 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Fetal presentation | Cephalic | 67 | 472 | 0.49 (0.24 to 1.01) | 0.62 (0.15 to 2.66) | 0.52 |
| Not cephalic (ref) | 11 | 38 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Fetal position | Vertex (occipital) | 61 | 434 | 0.68 (0.38 to 1.22) | 0.55 (0.24 to 1.27) | 0.164 |
| Not vertex (ref) | 17 | 82 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Mode of delivery | Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 25 | 411 | 0.46 (0.18 to 1.17) | 0.43 (0.14 to 1.34) | 0.15 |
| Vacuum | 31 | 40 | 5.81 (2.20 to 15.37) | 6.74 (2.01 to 22.56) | 0.002 | |
| Forceps | 16 | 20 | 6.00 (2.05 to 17.60) | 7.36 (1.96 to 27.58) | 0.003 | |
| Caesarean section (ref) | 6 | 45 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Shoulder dystocia | Yes | 24 | 28 | 7.75 (4.20 to 14.31) | 9.83 (4.13 to 23.50) | <0.0001 |
| No (ref) | 54 | 488 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
AOR, adjusted OR; COR, crude OR.