OR of hospitalisation for infection after ERCP in Medicare and all-payer populations, January 2015 to December 2021
| Medicare | Medicare | All-payer | All-payer | |
| 7-day infection | 30-day infection | 7-day infection | 30-day infection | |
| Event, % | 3.5% | 7.7% | 2.4% | 5.5% |
| Age at ERCP vs 65–74 | ||||
| 0–64 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | 0.96 (0.68–1.35) | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) |
| 75–84 | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | 0.94 (0.92–0.95) | 1.01 (0.75–1.37) | 0.96 (0.78–1.17) |
| 85–94 | 1.20 (1.16–1.25) | 0.90 (0.88–0.92) | 1.19 (0.80–1.76) | 1.02 (0.78–1.33) |
| 95–105 | 1.51 (1.38–1.67) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | <0.001 (<0.001->999) | 0.19 (0.03–1.40) |
| Race vs white | ||||
| Other/unknown | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) | 1.13 (1.09–1.18) | 1.53 (1.17–2.02) | 1.38 (1.14–1.67) |
| Black | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | 1.16 (1.13–1.20) | 1.48 (1.07–2.05) | 1.21 (0.96–1.53) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.39 (1.31–1.48) | 1.35 (1.29–1.41) | 2.62 (1.47–4.68) | 1.34 (0.81–2.23) |
| Hispanic | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) | 1.12 (1.06–1.18) | 2.91 (1.03–8.20) | 1.17 (0.42–3.24) |
| North American Native/Native American | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 1.23 (0.60–2.52) | 0.85 (0.49–1.47) |
| Male vs female | 1.26 (1.23–1.29) | 1.26 (1.24–1.28) | 1.18 (0.96–1.44) | 1.23 (1.08–1.42) |
| Year of ERCP vs 2015 | ||||
| 2016 | 0.87 (0.83–0.92) | 0.92 (0.89–0.96) | – | – |
| 2017 | 0.91 (0.87–0.96) | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | – | – |
| 2018 | 0.91 (0.87–0.96) | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | – | – |
| 2019 | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | – | – |
| 2020 | 0.88 (0.84–0.93) | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | – | – |
| 2021 | 0.89 (0.84–0.93) | 0.91 (0.87–0.94) | – | – |
| Hospitalised 30 days prior to ERCP | 0.37 (0.36–0.38) | 0.94 (0.93–0.96) | 1.46 (1.13–1.89) | 1.70 (1.44–2.01) |
| Chronic conditions vs 0 | ||||
| 1–5 | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 1.85 (1.33–2.56) | 1.90 (1.52–2.36) |
| 6–10 | 1.27 (1.17–1.37) | 1.35 (1.27–1.43) | 6.29 (4.13–9.59) | 4.23 (3.14–5.71) |
| 11–15 | 1.54 (1.42–1.68) | 1.72 (1.62–1.82) | 16.09 (4.71–54.95) | 4.18 (1.29–13.51) |
| 16+ | 1.88 (1.68–2.12) | 2.29 (2.12–2.48) | <0.001 (<0.001->999) | <0.001 (<0.001->999) |
| Cancer at time of ERCP | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 1.55 (1.52–1.59) | 1.28 (1.00–1.64) | 1.88 (1.60–2.21) |
| Pancreatitis or biliary condition at time of ERCP | 1.13 (1.09–1.18) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) | 0.89 (0.72–1.09) |
| Infection at time of ERCP | 1.13 (1.07–1.19) | 1.18 (1.14–1.23) | 0.35 (0.23–0.53) | 1.16 (0.93–1.44) |
| Urgent ERCP | 3.30 (3.20–3.40) | 1.79 (1.75–1.84) | 2.42 (1.93–3.04) | 1.59 (1.36–1.85) |
| Disposable duodenoscope | 0.32 (0.17–0.60) | 0.47 (0.31–0.69) | – | – |
| Primary payer Medicare vs other | NA | NA | 0.96 (0.70–1.32) | 1.16 (0.94–1.43) |
ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; NA, not available.