Summary estimates, by outcome and organism, from random effects meta-analysis of unadjusted ORs, for associations between genital mycoplasmas and adverse birth outcomes, and summary of multivariable and analyses that stratify the main association by BV status
| Adverse outcome Organism | Number of studies | Summary estimate* OR (95% CI) | I2, % | Prediction interval | Any multivariable analysis† | Analyses of genital mycoplasmas and adverse birth outcomes in presence and absence of BV‡ |
| Preterm birth | ||||||
| M. hominis | 30 | 1.87 (1.49 to 2.34) | 29.2 | 0.98, 3.55 | 3 studies1 4859 | MH+,BV+/PTB OR 1.58 (95% CI 0.94 to 2.77); MH+,BV-/PTB 1.18 (0.91, 1.52)33 |
| U. urealyticum | 16 | 1.96 (1.14 to 3.39) | 53.1 | 0.40, 9.73 | 3 studies1 41 47 | None reported |
| U. parvum | 13 | 1.79 (1.28 to 2.52) | 59.0 | 0.66, 4.85 | 2 studies1 47 | UP-,BV-/PTB; UP+,BV-/PTB Adjusted 1.6 (1.2 to 2.1); UP-,BV+/PTB aOR 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3); UP+,BV+/PTB aOR 2.6 (1.7 to 4.0)47 |
| Premature rupture of membrane | ||||||
| M. hominis | 11 | 1.94 (1.43 to 2.70) | 0.0 | 1.33, 2.83 | 1 study59 | None reported |
| U. urealyticum | 4 | 9.87 (1.81 to 53.72) | 49.0 | 0.02, 5757.86 | 0 studies | |
| U. parvum | 2 | 3.19 (1.25 to 8.15) | 0.0 | NC | 0 study | |
| Low birth weight | None reported | |||||
| M. hominis | 6 | 1.81 (1.29 to 2.52) | 0.0 | 1.12, 2.90 | 1 study34 | |
| U. urealyticum | 1 | 1.08 (0.08 to 14.41) | NA | NA | 0 study | |
| U. parvum | 0 | NA | NA | NA | 0 study | |
| Spontaneous abortion | None reported | |||||
| M. hominis | 10 | 0.93 (0.44 to 1.94) | 50.2 | 0.12, 7.14 | 0 study | |
| U. urealyticum | 3 | 2.43 (1.21 to 4.86) | 0.0 | 0.03, 217.73 | 0 study | |
| U. parvum | 2 | 1.65 (0.67 to 4.05) | 0.0 | NC | 0 study | |
| Perinatal or neonatal death | None reported | |||||
| M. hominis | 9 | 2.70 (1.31 to 5.57) | 30.4 | 0.52, 13.94 | 0 study | |
| U. urealyticum | 1 | 3.52 (0.14 to 87.08) | NA | NA | 0 study | |
| U. parvum | 1 | 2.78 (0.11 to 68.46) | 0 study | |||
*Meta-analysis of unadjusted ORs, using random effects model.
†Details for individual studies reported in online supplemental tables 2.1-2.3.
‡Further details of analyses based on exclusion of other infections, stratification, or multivariable analyses in online supplemental table S7.
.aOR, adjusted OR; BV, bacterial vaginosis; I2, heterogeneity; MH, Mycoplasma hominis; NA, not applicable; NC, could not be calculated; UP, Ureaplasma parvum; UU, Ureaplasma urealyticum.