Questions related to ERI measurement
| KLoSA | JSTAR | |
| Effort | My job requires lots of physical effort.* | My current job involves physical labour.* |
| N/A | I have a lot of work and always feel time pressure.* | |
| Reward | I feel my job is secure.* | Do you think it is likely that you could lose your current job for a reason other than retirement? |
| I am satisfied with current wage.* | Considering the effort I put in and the results I produce, I am satisfied with my current pay.* | |
| N/A | I receive appropriate evaluation on my work from coworkers.* | |
| N/A | When I have problems doing my work, colleagues give me advice and help me.* |
*Reverse coding.
ERI, effort-reward imbalance; JSTAR, Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement; KLoSA, Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging.