Two groups of implementation scheme
| Time | The details scheme and corresponding implementers | Intervention group | Control group | ||||
| Doctors | Nurses | Patients | Doctors | Nurses | Patients | ||
| 1–3 days before surgery | Evaluate disease-related situation, and answer the patient’s disease-related questions | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – |
| Inform patients the importance of self-care, obtain patients’ support | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | |
| Establish awareness of behaviour change, understand the importance of self-care and cultivate self-care awareness | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | |
| Help patients prepare for surgery | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Through the manual, video instruct patients to learn postoperative nursing content (aerosol inhalation, effective cough and expectoration, tracheostomy care, nasal feeding and comfortable position management, etc.) | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | |
| 3–7 days after surgery | Postoperative nursing; routine propaganda and education of postoperative nursing | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | – |
| Guide and educate the postoperative nursing again; encourage and help patients to participate in self-care | - | ✓ | - | - | - | - | |
| Participate in postoperative self-care; set self-care goals | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | |
| Before discharge | propaganda and education of home care (aerosol inhalation, tracheostomy nursing, weight monitoring, swallowing function exercise, neck function exercise, nutrition management) | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | – |
| Discharge preparation services for patients, propaganda and education of home self-care (the purpose, significance and content of self-care) | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | |
| Help patients set goals | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | |
| Inform follow-up (postoperative recovery, self-efficacy, self-care agency, nutritional status, QoL, unplanned readmission, goal achievement) | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | – | |
| Inform follow-up (postoperative recovery, self-efficacy, self-care agency, nutritional status, QoL, unplanned readmission) | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | |
| First month follow-up | Monitor the postoperative recovery; follow-up management | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – |
| Evaluate the achievement of goals and reward patients; help patients adjust goals and encourage them | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | |
| Adjust goals and adhere to the implementation | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | |
| Third, sixth month follow-up | Monitor the postoperative recovery; follow-up management | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – |
| Evaluate and affirm the patient’s training results and strengthen the realisation of goals | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | |
| Adhere to self-care | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | |
QoL, quality of life.