Summary of pooled unadjusted and adjusted estimates of the factors associated with age-appropriate breast feeding in children aged 6–11 months in Ghana, 2003–2017
| Number age-appropriately breastfed* | % age-appropriately breastfed† | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Wald test P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted Wald test P value | |
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||||
| Ethnicity‡ | ||||||
| Akan | 874 | 82.4 | 2.26 (1.69 to 3.02) | <0.001 | 1.30 (0.86 to 1.98) | 0.06 |
| Ga/dangme | 163 | 87.7 | 3.44 (2.03 to 5.85) | 2.17 (1.16 to 4.07) | ||
| Ewe | 299 | 83.5 | 2.45 (1.66 to 3.60) | 1.80 (1.06 to 3.06) | ||
| Mole-dagomba | 667 | 67.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Grusi | 110 | 81.1 | 2.07 (1.09 to 3.92) | 1.55 (0.83 to 2.91) | ||
| Gurma | 130 | 68.5 | 1.05 (0.68 to 1.62) | 1.17 (0.74 to 1.85) | ||
| Other | 225 | 65.7 | 0.92 (0.65 to 1.31) | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.32) | ||
| Region (ordered by poverty levels)‡ | ||||||
| Upper West region | 259 | 69.9 | 1.65 (1.13 to 2.42) | 1.69 (1.14 to 2.49) | ||
| Northern region | 364 | 58.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Upper East region | 220 | 69.3 | 1.61 (1.07 to 2.40) | 1.50 (0.98 to 2.31) | ||
| Volta region | 202 | 77.1 | 2.39 (1.57 to 3.63) | 1.62 (0.95 to 2.75) | ||
| Brong Ahafo region | 206 | 75.3 | 2.17 (1.45 to 3.22) | 1.76 (1.09 to 2.85) | ||
| Western region | 233 | 83.5 | 3.60 (2.29 to 5.67) | <0.001 | 2.71 (1.61 to 4.55) | <0.001 |
| Central region | 271 | 80.6 | 2.96 (1.87 to 4.67) | 2.18 (1.25 to 3.80) | ||
| Eastern region | 239 | 86.6 | 4.61 (3.00 to 7.07) | 3.22 (1.93 to 5.36) | ||
| Ashanti region | 284 | 86.1 | 4.40 (2.97 to 6.51) | 3.49 (2.18 to 5.58) | ||
| Greater Accra region | 194 | 80.2 | 2.87 (1.81 to 4.56) | 1.90 (1.13 to 3.20) | ||
| Maternal/healthcare factors | ||||||
| Postnatal care for the newborn§ | ||||||
| Yes | 877 | 82.5 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 1.00 | 0.09 |
| No | 580 | 80.4 | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.20) | 0.74 (0.53 to 1.04) | ||
Region is ordered based on the 2017 regional poverty incidence from poorest to least poor.42
*Unweighted count.
†Weighted percentage.
‡Adjusted for maternal age, marital status, place of residence, ethnicity, maternal educational level, household income, region, father’s education and survey year (number of unweighted observations=3210).
§Adjusted for ethnicity, region, survey year, number of antenatal visits, place of delivery, person assisting in delivery, breastfeeding initiation, wanted last child, maternal pre-discharge check, caesarean delivery, time spent at place of delivery and Postnatal care for the newborn (number of unweighted observations=1715).