Comparison of HRV parameters between patients with and without PVC before and after 1:1 PSM based on age and gender
| Before PSM | P value | After PSM | P value | |||
| PVC≥1 N=3220 | No PVC N=1534 | PVC≥1 N=1533 | No PVC N=1533 | |||
| Age (years) | 59.6±15.6 | 53.0±15.8 | <0.001* | 53.1±15.4 | 53.0±15.8 | 0.84 |
| Male (%) | 1477 (45.9) | 636 (41.5) | 0.004* | 690 (45.0) | 635 (41.4) | 0.05 |
| Average heart rate (bpm) | 71.6±10.5 | 72.1±10.1 | 0.11 | 72.4±10.6 | 72.1±10.1 | 0.34 |
| HRV time-domain parameters | ||||||
| SDNN (ms) | 124.1±57.8 | 133.2±46.6 | <0.001* | 128.4±52.6 | 133.2±46.7 | 0.007* |
| SDANN (ms) | 110.3±50.0 | 119.9±43.0 | <0.001* | 114.6±48.9 | 119.9±43.0 | 0.001* |
| rMSSD (ms) | 28.4±16.2 | 31.1±14.9 | <0.001* | 29.5±15.5 | 31.1±14.9 | 0.003* |
| pNN50 (%) | 5.6 (1.7,13.0) | 7.1 (2.9,14.2) | <0.001* | 6.4 (2.3,14.0) | 7.1 (2.9,14.2) | 0.01* |
| HRV frequency-domain parameters | ||||||
| LF (nu) | 45.6 (10.2,249.8) | 59.0 (12.8,289.1) | <0.001* | 45.6 (11.7,287.8) | 59.0 (12.9,289.4) | 0.05 |
| HF (nu) | 21.5 (0.6,113.6) | 28.2 (0.9,138.1) | <0.001* | 21.5 (0.7,124.3) | 28.2 (0.9,138.3) | 0.007* |
| LF/HF | 2.8 (1.6,12.0) | 2.9 (1.7,13.7) | <0.001* | 3.1 (1.8,12.3) | 2.9 (1.7,13.7) | 0.64 |
| TTE parameters | ||||||
| LVDd (mm) | 47.7±5.0 | 46.7±4.2 | <0.001* | 48.0±5.2 | 46.7±4.2 | <0.001* |
| LVEF (%) | 64.1±5.8 | 65.3±3.8 | <0.001* | 64.0±6.2 | 65.3±3.8 | <0.001* |
| LVEF<50% (%) | 67 (3.3) | 5 (0.6) | <0.001* | 41 (4.3) | 5 (0.6) | <0.001* |
Values are expressed as either mean±SD, median (IQR) or number (percentage).
*P<0.05.
HF, high frequency; HRV, heart rate variability; LF, low frequency; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NN50, the NN interval longer than 50 ms; PNN50, percent of NN50 in the total number NN interval; PSM, propensity score matching; PVC, premature ventricular contraction; rMSSD, the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals; SDANN, SD of average of NN intervals in all 5 min segments; SDNN, SD of all NN intervals; TEE, transthoracic echocardiography.