Logistic regression estimates the odds of incurring zero inpatient care costs in the last year of life
| All zeroes* | Community-dwelling decedents† | |||||||
| N=2912 | N=1254 | Model 1‡ | Model 2§ | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||||
| Income group | ||||||||
| (Lowest) group 1 | 17.2% | 20.9% | ref | ref | ||||
| Group 2 | 24.1% | 21.5% | 1.02 | 0.77 | 1.36 | 0.96 | 0.74 | 1.25 |
| Group 3 | 27.9% | 24.6% | 0.93 | 0.70 | 1.24 | 0.90 | 0.69 | 1.18 |
| Group 4 | 18.5% | 19.4% | 0.95 | 0.70 | 1.28 | 0.95 | 0.72 | 1.26 |
| (Highest) group 5 | 12.2% | 13.6% | 1.01 | 0.72 | 1.40 | 0.99 | 0.73 | 1.35 |
| Age in years | 84.9 (9.9) | 78.6 (9.1) | ||||||
| 65–74 years | 19.4% | 39.6% | ref | ref | ||||
| 75–84 years | 22.7% | 30.3% | 0.86 | 0.68 | 1.07 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 1.08 |
| 85+ years | 57.8% | 30.1% | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.64 | 1.00 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 39.2% | 54.3% | ref | ref | ||||
| female | 60.8% | 45.7% | 0.90 | 0.75 | 1.09 | 0.96 | 0.80 | 1.15 |
| Living situation | ||||||||
| Cohabiting | ref | ref | ||||||
| Living alone | 69.1% | 69.1% | 1.13 | 0.91 | 1.41 | 1.23 | 1.00 | 1.50 |
| Country of birth | ||||||||
| Sweden | ref | ref | ||||||
| Outside of Sweden | 19.5% | 26.5% | 1.42 | 1.13 | 1.77 | 1.39 | 1.13 | 1.70 |
| CCI score | 1.1 (1.6) | 1.0 (1.9) | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.62 | |||
| Healthcare utilisation | ||||||||
| Average no ED visits | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
| Average no PHC visits | 1.9 (4.8) | 4.3 (6.5) | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.00 | |||
| Home healthcare | ||||||||
| None | ref | ref | ||||||
| Basic | 5.2% | 12.0% | 0.55 | 0.42 | 0.71 | 0.44 | 0.35 | 0.57 |
| Advanced | 4.3% | 10.0% | 1.04 | 0.77 | 1.42 | 0.70 | 0.51 | 0.95 |
| Underlying cause of death | ||||||||
| Other | 21.6% | 25.2% | ref | |||||
| Cancer related | 8.4% | 15.3% | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.39 | |||
| Cardiovascular related | 41.3% | 53.2% | 1.30 | 1.05 | 1.60 | |||
| Neurodegenerative related | 28.7% | 6.3% | 1.21 | 0.84 | 1.72 | |||
| Place of death | ||||||||
| Hospital | 7.9% | 16.3% | ||||||
| Institution/geriatric specialised clinic | 57.1% | 10.8% | ||||||
| Private residence | 23.5% | 53.6% | ||||||
| Unknown | 11.5% | 19.3% | ||||||
| Social care utilisation | ||||||||
| Independent | 29.9% | 68.8% | ||||||
| Home help | 10.5% | 24.2% | ||||||
| Institutional care | 56.6% | |||||||
| Transition | 3.0% | 7.0% | ||||||
| Months with home help | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.99 | ||
Logistic regression models stratified into the group of persons with zero costs living in the community n=1254 for the most of their last year of life.
*Column 1 the description of those with zero ICE in the last year of life in proportions (%) and mean and SD.
†Community-dwelling decendents refers all individuals living in their own in the community with or without home help services.
‡Model 1 is adjusted for (income group, age groups, sex, country of birth, living situation, phc visits, ED visits, home healthcare, CCI score, months with home help).
§Model 2 is adjusted for (income group, age groups, sex, country of birth, living situation, PHC visits, ED visits, home-healthcare, underlying cause of death, months with home help).
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ED, emergency department; ICE, inpatient care expenditure; PHC, primary healthcare; ref, reference group.