Inclusion and exclusion criteria
| Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
| Students enrolled at the University of Birmingham. | Unable to give informed consent. |
| Worked or volunteered in a healthcare setting during the COVID-19 pandemic (from March 1 2020) for >2 weeks. | First year medical students and recently graduated doctors. |
| Medical students currently in years 2–5 (including intercalating students) or BNurs and MNurs nursing students currently in year 3, for the 2020/21 academic year. | First and second year BNurs or MNurs students and recently graduated nurses. |
| Speak fluent English. |