COVID-19 vaccine misinformation themes and subthemes
Theme | Subtheme | Definition |
Development, production and distribution | Developed too quickly | Discourse around unverified claims that the development process was rushed |
Not tested properly | Misinformation about the validity of COVID vaccines based on testing history | |
Mandates | Conversation about unverified or untrue claims relating to forced vaccinations | |
Safety | Cause death | False claims that COVID vaccines cause death rather than prevent infection |
DNA/RNA alteration | Claims that COVID-19 vaccines alter DNA, usually referencing novel RNA processes | |
Cause autism | Claims that COVID-19 vaccines will cause autism | |
Chemicals | Theories that claim COVID vaccines contain dangerous chemicals, including high levels of mercury, bleach, etc. | |
Cause COVID | Claims that COVID-19 vaccines will cause COVID-19 | |
General side effects | Ambiguous or outlying misinformation claims that COVID-19 vaccines cause unverified side effects not mentioned in other themes | |
Conspiracy | Microchips | General theories about microchip implantation via COVID-19 vaccines |
Population control | Theories that COVID vaccines will be used for population control | |
Political and financial | Election conspiracies | Misinformation surrounding unverified or false claims that politicians or governments influenced vaccines for election gains |
Doctor kickbacks | False claims that doctors or hospitals are incentivised to issue vaccines because they receive financial kickbacks | |
Alternatives | Miracle cures | Unfounded claims that various alternative remedies such as hydroxychloroquine or colloidal silver are preferable to vaccines |
Natural immunity | Discourse around misinformation that assumes or claims that ‘natural immunity’ works better than vaccines | |
Morality and ethics | Fetal remains | Misinformation surrounding the use of fetal or child remains in vaccines |
Human experiments | Claims that COVID vaccines are human experiments, or that unethical/unlawful human experimentation produced them |