Effect of aerobic fitness training according to health status or diagnosis
| (Healthy) older adults | Frail older adults | Hospitalised after critical illness | Cardiovascular disease | Cognitive impairment | Metabolic disease | Oncological disease | Respiratory disease | Trauma | Mixed* | Total | |||||||||||
| MA: positive effect for all comparisons | 3 | 40 52 65 | 5 | 22 44 45 69 75 | 1 | 58 | 1 | 46 | 1 | 72 | 4 | 21 59 63 67 | 3 | 37 49 50 | 18 | ||||||
| MA: positive effect, only for comparisons with non-exercise controls | 1 | 19 | 1 | 42 | 2 | 41 70 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| NAn: positive effect for all studies | 2 | 38 54 | 1 | 47 | 1 | 60 | 2 | 36 48 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| NAn: positive effect, only for all studies with non-exercise controls | 1 | 76 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| NAn: positive effect for >75% of all studies | 1 | 33 | 1 | 55 | 1 | 39 | 1 | 71 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Subtotal positive results | 6 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 33 | ||||||||||
| MA: inconclusive | 1 | 66 | 2 | 43 61 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
| NAn: inconclusive | 2 | 35 73 | 1 | 74 | 2 | 64 77 | 3 | 15 20 56 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Subtotal inconclusive results | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | ||||||||||
| MA: no effect | 1 | 68 | 1 | 32 | 1 | 62 | 1 | 57 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| NAn: no effect | 1 | 34 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal not significant results | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Total | 7 | 5 | 2 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 49 | ||||||||||
*Reviews of studies with multiple health conditions/diagnoses, for example, with healthy and frail participants and participants with impaired balance.
MA, meta-analysis; NAn, narrative analysis.