Characteristics | GGT level | |||||
Q1 (n=3888) | Q2 (n=4711) | Q3 (n=4476) | Q4 (n=4475) | Q5 (n=4470) | P value | |
Age (years) | 49.2±10.3 | 51.6±10.7 | 53.5±10.2 | 54.2±10.1 | 54.0±10.0 | <0.0001 |
Male gender (n, %) | 318 (8.2) | 1016 (21.6) | 1536 (34.3) | 1994 (44.6) | 2208 (49.4) | <0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.8±2.8 | 22.3±3.1 | 22.9±3.2 | 23.6±3.6 | 24.2±3.4 | <0.0001 |
Han ethnicity (n, %) | 1805 (46.4) | 2170 (46.1) | 2138 (47.8) | 1977 (44.2) | 1875 (41.9) | <0.0001 |
Smoking (n, %) | 203 (5.2) | 711 (15.1) | 1128 (25.2) | 1434 (32.0) | 1610 (36.0) | <0.0001 |
Drinking (n, %) | 470 (12.1) | 886 (18.8) | 1150 (25.7) | 1372 (30.7) | 1725 (38.6) | <0.0001 |
Higher education (n, %) | 251 (6.5) | 309 (6.6) | 315 (7.0) | 319 (7.1) | 416 (9.3) | <0.0001 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 630 (16.2) | 1012 (21.5) | 1205 (26.9) | 1442 (32.2) | 1559 (34.9) | <0.0001 |
CVD (n, %) | 50 (1.3) | 101 (2.1) | 121 (2.7) | 135 (3.0) | 139 (3.1) | <0.0001 |
Therapy for hypertension or other CVD (n, %) | 368 (9.5) | 653 (13.9) | 817 (18.3) | 923 (20.6) | 1024 (22.9) | <0.0001 |
Hyperglycaemic (n, %) | 520 (13.4) | 872 (18.5) | 1036 (23.1) | 1279 (28.6) | 1483 (33.2) | <0.0001 |
SUA (μmol/L)) | 256.7±63.8 | 280.4±70.6 | 303.8±78.7 | 325.1±88.5 | 352.8±98.0 | <0.0001 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 69.7±14.3 | 73.6±21.9 | 76.5±17.6 | 79.1±19.4 | 81.0±23.1 | <0.0001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.2±0.7 | 1.5±1.1 | 1.8±1.5 | 2.1±1.9 | 2.6±2.5 | <0.0001 |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.9±0.7 | 3.1±0.8 | 3.2±0.9 | 3.3±0.9 | 3.3±1.0 | <0.0001 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.7±0.4 | 1.6±0.4 | 1.6±0.4 | 1.5±0.4 | 1.5±0.5 | <0.0001 |
ALT (U/L) | 14.2±5.6 | 16.4±7.3 | 19.0±8.3 | 23.0±12.5 | 34.3±23.9 | <0.0001 |
AST (U/L) | 22.2±5.9 | 23.3±6.4 | 24.5±7.1 | 26.3±9.3 | 32.1±17.5 | <0.0001 |
AST: ALT ratio | 1.7±0.5 | 1.6±0.5 | 1.4±0.5 | 1.3±0.6 | 1.2±0.6 | <0.0001 |
Q1, quintile 1 (n = 3888): <15 U/L; Q2, quintile 2 (n = 4711): 15–21 U/L; Q3, quintile 3 (n = 4476): 21–30 U/L; Q4, quintile 4 (n = 4475): 30–50 U/L; Q5, quintile 5 (n = 4470): ≥ 50 U/L
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SUA, serum uric acid; TG, triglycerides.