GGT | Prevalence | OR (95% CI) | P value | P for trend | |
Age | |||||
<45 years | |||||
Q1 | 46 (3.5) | X 2=435.7 | Reference | <0.0001 | |
Q2 | 97 (7.6) | P<0.0001 | 1.51 (1.04 to 2.21)† | 0.03 | |
Q3 | 117 (13.7) | 2.23 (1.52 to 3.26) | <0.0001 | ||
Q4 | 145 (20.0) | 2.41 (1.63 to 3.58) | <0.0001 | ||
Q5 | 256 (33.4) | 3.32 (2.21 to 5.00) | <0.0001 | ||
45–59 years | |||||
Q1 | 93 (4.9) | X 2=620.6 | Reference | <0.0001 | |
Q2 | 176 (7.8) | P<0.0001 | 1.28 (0.97 to 1.68) | 0.09 | |
Q3 | 281 (12.3) | 1.60 (1.23 to 2.09) | 0.001 | ||
Q5 | 430 (18.3) | 2.11 (1.62 to 2.74) | <0.0001 | ||
Q5 | 678 (28.4) | 3.06 (2.33 to 4.01) | <0.0001 | ||
>59 years | |||||
Q1 | 68 (10.1) | X 2=219.9 | Reference | <0.0001 | |
Q2 | 136 (11.4) | P<0.0001 | 0.96 (0.69 to 1.36) | 0.81 | |
Q3 | 230 (17.2) | 1.35 (0.98 to 1.86) | 0.07 | ||
Q4 | 303 (21.7) | 1.54 (1.12 to 2.16) | 0.008 | ||
Q5 | 417 (31.7) | 2.42 (1.75 to 3.36) | <0.0001 | ||
Gender | |||||
Males | |||||
Q1 | 38 (11.9) | X 2=368.6 | Reference | <0.001 | |
Q2 | 133 (13.1) | P<0.0001 | 1.01 (0.67 to 1.53) | 0.96 | |
Q3 | 274 (17.8) | 1.23 (0.83 to 1.82) | 0.31 | ||
Q4 | 499 (25.0) | 1.58 (1.08 to 2.34) | 0.02 | ||
Q5 | 914 (38.4) | 2.65 (1.79 to 3.91) | <0.0001 | ||
Females | |||||
Q1 | 169 (4.7) | X 2=451.2 | Reference | <0.0001 | |
Q2 | 276 (7.5) | P<0.0001 | 1.24 (1.00 to 1.54) | 0.05 | |
Q3 | 354 (12.0) | 1.72 (1.40 to 2.12) | <0.0001 | ||
Q4 | 379 (15.3) | 2.03 (1.64 to 2.52) | <0.0001 | ||
Q5 | 437 (20.9) | 2.62 (2.09 to 3.28) | <0.0001 |
*Hyperuricaemia was defined as serum uric acid above 7.0 mg/dL for males and above 6.0 mg/dL for females.
†Fully adjusted model: adjusted for age (as appropriate), sex (as appropriate), BMI, ethnicity, education, smoking status, drinking habit, hypertension, hyperglycaemic, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, serum creatinine and daytime napping duration, therapy for hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases, ALT, AST.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.