Table 2

Baseline characteristics for matching controls to treatment areas

Domain	Indicator	Year	Measure	Source
Age	Children (0–15 years)	2011	Proportion of population aged 0–15 years	Census 2011
	Adults (16–59 years)	2011	Proportion of population aged 16–59 years	Census 2011
Income	Income deprivation	2011	Proportion of population that are income deprived	IMD 2015 indicator based on social benefit receipt data
Ethnicity	UK born	2011	Proportion of population born in the UK	Census 2011
Housing	Household tenancy: private rented	2011	Proportion of households that are private rented	Census 2011
	Household tenancy: social rented	2011	Proportion of households that are social rented	Census 2011
	Housing in poor condition	2011	Proportion of households failing the Decent Homes Standard	IMD 2015 indicator based on English Housing Survey
	Houses without central heating	2011	Proportion of household without central heating	IMD 2015 indicator based on Census 2011
	Household overcrowding	2011	Proportion of households overcrowded	IMD 2015 indicator based on Census 2011
	Housing affordability	2012	Measure of inability to afford owner-occupied or private rented housing	IMD 2015 indicator based on multiple registers and surveys
	Built pre-1945	2014	Built pre-1945 (most frequent)	ONS Council tax building attributes

Year column indicates the year of the covariate, for example, 2011 for the 2015 IMD data.
Sources.32–34