Age at fistula development (n=5865) |
11–19 | 1201 | 47.8% | 910 | 27.2% | 2111 | 36.0% |
20–24 | 671 | 26.7% | 848 | 25.3% | 1519 | 25.9% |
25–29 | 317 | 12.6% | 637 | 19.0% | 954 | 16.3% |
30–34 | 162 | 6.4% | 476 | 14.2% | 638 | 10.9% |
35+ | 164 | 6.5% | 478 | 14.3% | 642 | 10.9% |
Parity at fistula development (n=5903) |
1 | 1623 | 64.2% | 1271 | 37.7% | 2894 | 49.0% |
2 | 325 | 12.9% | 452 | 13.4% | 777 | 13.2% |
3–5 | 403 | 15.9% | 920 | 27.3% | 1323 | 22.4% |
6+ | 177 | 7.0% | 732 | 21.7% | 909 | 15.4% |
Mode of delivery (n=5903) |
Vaginal | 1353 | 53.5% | 1471 | 43.6% | 2824 | 47.8% |
Caesarean | 1175 | 46.5% | 1904 | 56.4% | 3079 | 52.2% |
Foetal outcome at delivery leading to fistula (n=5896) |
Stillbirth | 2212 | 87.6% | 2667 | 79.1% | 4879 | 82.8% |
Alive | 312 | 12.4% | 705 | 20.9% | 1017 | 17.2% |
Living children at time of presentation for repair (n=5897) |
0 | 1633 | 64.7% | 1148 | 34.0% | 2781 | 47.2% |
1 | 391 | 15.5% | 607 | 18.0% | 998 | 16.9% |
2 | 206 | 8.2% | 461 | 13.7% | 667 | 11.3% |
3 | 117 | 4.6% | 358 | 10.6% | 475 | 8.1% |
4+ | 178 | 7.0% | 798 | 23.7% | 976 | 16.6% |
Duration of incontinence (n=5865) |
0–3 months | 131 | 5.2% | 533 | 15.9% | 664 | 11.3% |
4–6 months | 262 | 10.4% | 630 | 18.8% | 892 | 15.2% |
7–12 months | 370 | 14.7% | 516 | 15.4% | 886 | 15.1% |
1–2 years | 382 | 15.2% | 385 | 11.5% | 767 | 13.1% |
3–5 years | 459 | 18.3% | 422 | 12.6% | 881 | 15.0% |
6–10 years | 439 | 17.5% | 416 | 12.4% | 855 | 14.6% |
>10 years | 472 | 18.8% | 448 | 13.4% | 920 | 15.7% |
Fistula repair attempts prior to presentation (n=5899) |
0 | 1641 | 65.0% | 2704 | 80.1% | 4345 | 73.7% |
1 | 564 | 22.3% | 483 | 14.3% | 1047 | 17.7% |
2 | 190 | 7.5% | 126 | 3.7% | 316 | 5.4% |
3+ | 130 | 5.1% | 61 | 1.8% | 191 | 3.2% |
Incontinence (n=5903) |
Urine | 2239 | 88.6% | 3163 | 93.7% | 5402 | 91.6% |
Faeces | 10 | 0.8% | 24 | 1.0% | 34 | 0.9% |
Urine and faeces | 279 | 11.0% | 188 | 5.6% | 467 | 7.9% |
Woman’s education (n=5849) |
None | 1069 | 42.7% | 1376 | 41.2% | 2445 | 41.4% |
Any school attendance | 1437 | 57.3% | 1967 | 58.8% | 3404 | 57.7% |
Husband’s education (n=4800) |
None | 673 | 34.0% | 793 | 28.1% | 1466 | 24.9% |
Any school attendance | 1308 | 66.0% | 2026 | 71.9% | 3334 | 56.5% |
Country (n=5903) |
Tanzania | 820 | 32.4% | 1120 | 33.2% | 1940 | 32.9% |
Uganda | 630 | 24.9% | 739 | 21.9% | 1369 | 23.2% |
Kenya | 322 | 12.7% | 512 | 15.2% | 834 | 14.1% |
Malawi | 235 | 9.3% | 384 | 11.4% | 619 | 10.5% |
Zambia | 48 | 1.9% | 105 | 3.1% | 153 | 2.6% |
Rwanda | 186 | 7.4% | 205 | 6.1% | 391 | 6.6% |
Ethiopia | 46 | 1.8% | 51 | 1.5% | 97 | 1.6% |
Somalia | 143 | 5.7% | 144 | 4.3% | 287 | 4.9% |
South Sudan | 98 | 3.9% | 115 | 3.4% | 213 | 3.6% |
Date of fistula development (n=5897) |
1975–1989 | 220 | 8.7% | 209 | 6.2% | 429 | 7.3% |
1990–1994 | 262 | 10.4% | 267 | 7.9% | 529 | 9.0% |
1995–1999 | 488 | 19.3% | 649 | 19.3% | 1137 | 19.3% |
2000–2004 | 721 | 28.5% | 984 | 29.2% | 1705 | 28.9% |
2005–2009 | 505 | 20.0% | 690 | 20.5% | 1195 | 20.3% |
2010–2014 | 286 | 11.3% | 490 | 14.5% | 776 | 13.2% |
2015–2017 | 46 | 1.8% | 80 | 2.4% | 126 | 2.1% |