Table 1

Univariate analysis of chrematistics associated with progression to mortality (n=681)

NUnivariate HR (95% CI)P value
Age (year)6811.08 (1.07 to 1.09)<0.001
Gender
 Male
 Female		423
258		Reference
1.24 (0.94 to 1.63)		0.124
Ethnicity
 Chinese
 Indian
 Malay
 Others		447
55
152
27		Reference
0.90 (0.51 to 1.59)
1.32 (0.97 to 1.80)
0.66 (0.29 to 1.50)		0.710
0.075
0.323
Stroke: haemorrhagic versus ischaemic
 Haemorrhagic
 Ischaemic stroke		191
490		Reference
1.36 (0.99 to 1.88)		0.055
Cardioembolic stroke
 No
 Moderate risk
 High risk		288
73
185		Reference
2.58 (1.65 to 4.02)
3.75 (2.69 to 5.21)		<0.001
<0.001
Artery size
 Small
 Large		187
296		Reference
1.50 (1.07 to 2.09)		0.018
Stroke classification
 LACS
 TACS
 PACS
 POCS
 Undefined		323
30
187
131
10		Reference
2.36 (1.33 to 4.16)
1.57 (1.13 to 2.17)
1.55 (1.08 to 2.21)
2.00 (0.73 to 5.47)		0.003
0.007
0.016
0.175
Significance infection, Hep B, HIV
 No
 Yes		668
13		Reference
0.65 (0.21 to 2.04)		0.465
Cirrhosis
 No
 Yes		669
12		Reference
2.03 (0.90 to 4.58)		0.088
Malignancy
 No
 Yes		622
59		Reference
2.06 (1.42 to 2.98)		<0.001
Fracture neck of femur
 No
 Yes		659
22		Reference
0.80 (0.35 to 1.80)		0.590
Atrial fibrillation
 No
 Yes		506
175		Reference
2.39 (1.82 to 3.15)		<0.001
Recurrent cerebrovascular accidents: during follow-up
 No
 Yes		613
68		Reference
1.04 (0.68 to 1.59)		0.858
Peripheral vascular disease
 No
 Yes		600
81		Reference
1.68 (1.18 to 2.39)		0.004
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 No
 Yes		667
14		Reference
2.10 (1.08 to 4.10)		0.029
Ischaemic heart disease
 No
 Yes		465
216		Reference
1.65 (1.26 to 2.16)		<0.001
Hypertension
 No
 Yes		168
513		Reference
1.55 (1.10 to 2.18)		0.012
Diabetes mellitus
 No
 Yes		412
269		Reference
1.36 (1.04 to 1.78)		0.025
Known history of hyperlipidaemia
 No
 Yes		383
298		Reference
1.71 (1.31 to 2.24)		<0.001
High total cholesterol: during stroke admission
 No
 Yes		324
326		Reference
0.54 (0.40 to 0.71)		<0.001
Total cholesterol: LDL ratio
 No
 Yes		303
336		Reference
0.61 (0.46 to 0.80)		<0.001
Low sodium
 No
 Yes		579
102		Reference
1.90 (1.38 to 2.62)		<0.001
Patient with neurosurgical intervention for stroke
 No
 Yes		626
55		Reference
0.51 (0.27 to 0.96)		0.036
High potassium
 No
 Yes		554
127		Reference
0.68 (0.46 to 0.99)		0.044
High glucose6811.03 (1.005 to 1.05)0.018
Haemoglobin6810.77 (0.72 to 0.83)<0.001
White blood cell count6810.94 (0.90 to 0.99)0.009
Platelet count6800.99 (0.99 to 1.00)0.093
Raised blood urea
 No
 Yes		602
78		Reference
3.02 (2.17 to 4.22)		<0.001
Raised serum creatinine
 No
 Yes		408
273		Reference
1.96 (1.50 to 2.57)		<0.001
Thrombolysis with rTPA for ischaemic strokes only
 No
 Yes		533
148		Reference
0.55 (0.26 to 1.17)		0.123
Raised intracranial pressure and treatment received during stroke
 No
 Yes		643
38		Reference
0.72 (0.50 to 1.03)		0.069

  • LACS, lacunar syndrome; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PACS, partial anterior circulation syndrome; POCS, posterior circulation syndrome; rTPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; TACS, total anterior circulation syndrome.