Table 4

Physician subgroup analysis

	Factor 1			Factor 2			Factor 3			Factor 4			Factor 5			Factor 6
	Coeff	95% CI	P value	Coeff	95% CI	P value	Coeff	95% CI	P value	Coeff	95% CI	P value	Coeff	95% CI	P value	Coeff	95% CI	P value
Hospital
05	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
01	0.194	−0.089 to 0.477	0.179	−0.422	−0.701 to −0.142	0.003	0.244	−0.039 to 0.527	0.091	−0.167	−0.451 to 0.117	0.248	−0.430	−0.716 to −0.145	0.003	−0.504	−0.778 to −0.23	0.000
02	0.064	−0.13 to 0.258	0.518	−0.352	−0.543 to −0.161	0.000	0.134	−0.06 to 0.328	0.174	−0.180	−0.375 to 0.014	0.069	−0.095	−0.29 to 0.101	0.342	−0.087	−0.274 to 0.101	0.366
03	0.164	−0.116 to 0.444	0.252	−0.066	−0.343 to 0.211	0.641	0.387	0.107 to 0.668	0.007	0.131	−0.151 to 0.412	0.363	−0.044	−0.327 to 0.238	0.758	0.092	−0.18 to 0.364	0.507
04	0.117	−0.218 to 0.453	0.494	0.116	−0.215 to 0.448	0.492	0.096	−0.239 to 0.432	0.573	0.249	−0.088 to 0.586	0.148	−0.081	−0.419 to 0.257	0.638	0.361	0.035 to 0.686	0.030
06	0.196	−0.153 to 0.544	0.271	0.106	−0.239 to 0.45	0.548	0.419	0.07 to 0.768	0.019	0.013	−0.338 to 0.363	0.944	−0.432	−0.783 to −0.08	0.016	0.479	0.141 to 0.817	0.005
Departments
Surgical	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
Medical	0.239	0.073 to 0.405	0.005	0.150	−0.014 to 0.314	0.073	−0.120	−0.286 to 0.046	0.156	0.307	0.140 to 0.473	0.000	0.221	0.054 to 0.389	0.009	−0.398	−0.559 to −0.237	0.000
Acute	−0.275	−0.488 to −0.062	0.011	−0.214	−0.425 to −0.004	0.046	−0.273	−0.486 to −0.06	0.012	0.169	−0.045 to 0.382	0.122	0.124	−0.091 to 0.338	0.258	0.242	0.036 to 0.449	0.021
Other	−0.081	−0.253 to 0.092	0.358	−0.027	−0.197 to 0.144	0.760	−0.086	−0.259 to 0.086	0.326	0.046	−0.127 to 0.219	0.603	0.119	−0.055 to 0.292	0.181	−0.302	−0.469 to −0.135	0.000
Medical	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
Acute	−0.514	−0.745 to −0.283	0.000	−0.364	−0.593 to −0.136	0.002	−0.153	−0.384 to 0.078	0.194	−0.138	−0.370 to 0.094	0.243	−0.098	−0.330 to 0.135	0.411	0.640	0.417 to 0.864	0.000
Other	−0.320	−0.507 to −0.133	0.001	−0.177	−0.361 to 0.0083	0.061	0.034	−0.154 to 0.221	0.724	−0.261	−0.449 to 0.073	0.006	−0.103	−0.291 to 0.086	0.285	0.096	−0.085 to 0.277	0.298
Medical hierarchy
Consultant	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
Intern	−0.744	−1.374 to −0.115	0.020	0.637	0.015 to 1.259	0.045	0.443	−0.187 to 1.074	0.168	0.067	−0.565 to 0.699	0.836	0.495	−0.14 to 1.129	0.126	0.003	−0.607 to 0.613	0.993
GP	0.168	−0.096 to 0.432	0.212	0.153	−0.108 to 0.413	0.251	−0.397	−0.661 to −0.133	0.003	−0.169	−0.434 to 0.095	0.210	−0.011	−0.276 to 0.255	0.938	−0.024	−0.279 to 0.232	0.857
Resident	−0.091	−0.287 to 0.105	0.363	0.297	0.104 to 0.490	0.003	0.004	−0.192 to 0.199	0.971	−0.271	−0.468 to −0.075	0.007	0.058	−0.139 to 0.255	0.563	−0.202	−0.391 to −0.012	0.037
Other	−0.013	−0.491 to 0.466	0.958	0.148	−0.325 to 0.620	0.541	0.252	−0.227 to 0.731	0.303	−0.172	−0.653 to 0.308	0.482	−0.013	−0.495 to 0.469	0.959	0.304	−0.159 to 0.768	0.198
Intern	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
GP	0.912	0.245 to 1.579	0.007	−0.485	−1.144 to 0.175	0.150	−0.840	−1.508 to −0.172	0.014	−0.236	−0.906 to 0.434	0.489	−0.505	−1.18 to 0.167	0.141	−0.0263	−0.673 to 0.620	0.936
Resident	0.653	0.0458 to 1.261	0.035	−0.340	−0.941 to −0.260	0.267	−0.440	−1.048 to 0.169	0.157	−0.338	−0.948 to 0.272	0.278	−0.436	−1.049 to 0.176	0.162	−0.205	−0.793 to 0.384	0.496
Other	0.732	−0.457 to 1.509	0.065	−0.490	−1.258 to 0.279	0.212	−0.191	−0.970 to 0.587	0.630	−0.239	−1.020 to 0.542	0.548	−0.507	−1.291 to 0.276	0.204	0.302	−0.452 to 1.055	0.433
Resident	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
GP	0.259	−0.037 to 0.555	0.086	−0.145	−0.437 to 0.148	0.333	−0.400	−0.696 to −0.104	0.008	0.102	−0.196 to 0.399	0.503	−0.069	−0.367 to 0.229	0.651	0.178	−0.108 to 0.465	0.223
Other	0.0781	−0.417 to 0.574	0.757	−0.150	−0.639 to 0.340	0.550	0.248	−0.248 to 0.744	0.326	0.099	−0.399 to 0.596	0.697	−0.710	−0.570 to 0.428	0.780	0.506	−0.163 to 1.29	0.039
Years in current profession
0–5	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
6–10	0.089	−0.122 to 0.299	0.410	0.225	0.017 to 0.434	0.034	−0.089	−0.300 to 0.122	0.410	0.094	−0.118 to 0.305	0.385	0.290	0.077 to 0.502	0.008	0.053	−0.151 to 0.258	0.608
11–15	0.087	−0.185 to 0.358	0.532	−0.015	−0.283 to 0.254	0.915	−0.066	−0.338 to 0.207	0.637	0.271	−0.002 to 0.544	0.052	0.156	−0.118 to 0.43	0.265	−0.095	−0.358 to 0.169	0.481
>15	0.117	−0.118 to 0.353	0.328	0.194	−0.039 to 0.427	0.102	−0.044	−0.279 to 0.192	0.715	−0.057	−0.293 to 0.179	0.637	0.333	0.096 to 0.57	0.006	0.366	0.138 to 0.594	0.002
Public sector*	−0.064	−0.4 to 0.273	0.710	0.264	−0.207 to 0.736	0.272	−0.238	−0.575 to 0.100	0.167	0.256	−0.835 to 0.595	0.140	0.192	−0.148 to 0.533	0.268	0.362	0.273 to 0.996	0.264
Tertiary level*	−0.093	−0.42 to 0.234	0.577	−0.289	−0.767 to 0.190	0.237	−0.047	−0.375 to 0.281	0.779	−0.317	−0.647 to 0.012	0.059	0.052	−0.279 to 0.383	0.758	−0.407	−1.065 to 0.25	0.225

The table summarises the results of the multivariable mixed-effect linear regression models to assess the associations between hospital (#1–6), department, medical hierarchy, work experience, health sector, healthcare level as the independent variables of interest and each of the factor scores (#1–6) as the dependent variable. Each model adjusted for the possible interdependence of observations clustered within hospitals, as well as for the confounders sex and AMS training. Values in bold indicate statistical significance.
*This model did not include hospital as an independent variable due to collinearity.
AMS, antimicrobial stewardship; GP, general practitioner.