Population characteristics
| Population characteristic | Level | Whole population n=12 653 | No death or organ support (30 days)* n=11 250 | Death or organ support (30 days)* n=1405 |
| Age (years) | Median (IQR) mean | 66 (46–81) 62.3 | 63 (43–79) 60.6 | 80 (67–87) 70 |
| Sex (N, %)* | Male | 6260 (49.5%) | 5465 (48.6%) | 795 (56.5%) |
| Comorbidity (N, %)* | Cardiovascular disease | 810 (6.4%) | 690 (6.1%) | 120 (8.6%) |
| Chronic resp. disease | 3730 (29.5%) | 3320 (29.5%) | 410 (29.4%) | |
| Diabetes | 2095 (16.5%) | 1770 (10.2%) | 325 (23.1%) | |
| Hypertension | 4545 (35.9%) | 6760 (15.7%) | 705 (50.4%) | |
| Immunosuppression (including steroid use) | 2540 (20.1%) | 3545 (31.5%) | 360 (25.8%) | |
| Active malignancy | 595 (4.7%) | 435 (3.9%) | 160 (11.5%) | |
| Obesity | 1960 (15.5%) | 1860 (16.5%) | 100 (7.3%) | |
| Pregnant | 135 (1.1%) | 135 (1.2%) | – | |
| Renal impairment | 365 (2.9%) | 310 (2.7%) | 60 (4.3%) | |
| Stroke | 285 (2.2%) | 240 (2.1%) | 45 (3.1%) | |
| Social (N, %)* | Smoker | 4810 (38.0%) | 1740 (15.5%) | 550 (39.3%) |
| Number of prescribed drugs used* (N, %) | 0 | 3115 (24.6%) | 2940 (15.1) | 175 (12.4%) |
| 1–5 | 6015 (47.5%) | 5320 (47.3%) | 700 (49.8%) | |
| 6–10 | 3030 (23.9%) | 2565 (22.8%) | 465 (33.1%) | |
| 11 or more | 490 (3.9%) | 425 (3.8%) | 65 (4.7%) | |
| Clinical Frailty Scale (N, %)* | Unknown | 4560 (36.0%) | 3875 (34.4%) | 685 (48.9%) |
| Aged<65 | 6105 (48.2%) | 5800 (51.5%) | 305 (21.6%) | |
| 1–3 | 165 (1.3%) | 150 (1.3%) | 15 (1.0%) | |
| 3–6 | 670 (5.3%) | 590 (5.2%) | 85 (6.0%) | |
| 6–9 | 1155 (9.1%) | 840 (7.5%) | 315 (22.5%) | |
| Ethnicity (N, %)* | Asian or Asian British | 750 (5.9%) | 700 (6.2%) | 5 (3.6%) |
| Black or Black British | 190 (1.5%) | 180 (1.6%) | 15 (0.9%) | |
| Mixed | 110 (0.9%) | 105 (0.9%) | – | |
| Other Ethnic Groups | 160 (1.3%) | 150 (1.3%) | – | |
| White | 9020 (71.3%) | 8070 (71.7%) | 950 (67.8%) | |
| Unknown | 2425 (19.2%) | 2050 (18.2%) | 375 (26.6%) | |
| Deprivation Index (N, %)* | Unknown | 1250 (9.9%) | 1060 (9.4%) | 190 (13.5%) |
| 1–2 | 4600 (40.3%) | 4155 (40.8%) | 440 (36.4%) | |
| 3–4 | 2075 (18.2%) | 1855 (18.2%) | 220 (18%) | |
| 5–6 | 1880 (16.5%) | 1660 (16.3%) | 220 (18%) | |
| 7–8 | 1695 (14.9%) | 1485 (14.6%) | 210 (17.2%) | |
| 9–10 | 1160 (10.2%) | 1030 (10.1%) | 130 (10.6%) | |
| Ambulance dispatched (N, %)* | Ambulance | 10 650 (84.2%) | 9320 (82.8%) | 1335 (95%) |
| No ambulance | 2000 (15.8%) | 1930 (17.2%) | 70 (5%) | |
| Outcome (N, %)* | Death | 1155 (9.1%) | NA | 1155 (82.4%) |
| Deaths due to COVID-19 (including after 30 days) | 690 (5.5%) | NA | 530 (37.8%) | |
| Organ support (within 30 days) | 335 (2.6%) | NA | 335 (23.8%) | |
| Hospitalisation (N, %)* | ED attendance | 6945 (54.9%) | 5975 (53.1%) | 970 (69.1%) |
| Inpatient admission | 5735 (45.3%) | 4650 (41.3%) | 1085 (77.3%) | |
| Confirmed hospital diagnosis of COVID-19 (N, %)*† | In ED or as inpatient at 30 days | 1895 (15%) | 1300 (11.6%) | 595 (42.3%) |
| Time to primary outcome from index contact‡ up to and including (N, %) | 72 hours | 475 (3.8%) | NA | 475 (33.6%) |
| 7 days | 780 (6.1%) | NA | 780 (55.5%) |
*To comply with NHS digital disclosure guidance totals for these variables are rounded to the nearest 5, which may result in apparent disparities in the overall totals.
†Unrestricted community testing for suspected COVID-19 was only available from 18 May 2020. Confirmed diagnosis is based on inpatient PCR testing or clinical diagnosis in hospital.
‡Suppressed due to small numbers.
ED, emergency department; NA, not applicable; NHS, National Health Service.