Table 3

Costs and effects (discounted at 3%) per 1000 simulated 45-year-olds for a situation without screening, the current screening programme in Shanghai and screening strategies on the efficient frontier

Screening strategy			FITs	Colonoscopies	False positives	Complications	CRC incidence	CRC mortality	Life years*	Total costs*†	ICER*†
Test	Start-stop age	Interval	FITs	Colonoscopies	False positives	Complications	CRC incidence	CRC mortality	Life years*	Total costs*†	ICER*†
No screening			0	49	0	0.01	49	11	21 482	869 648
Current screening programme in Shanghai
Shanghai FIT+RA	50–75	3	5346	1434	890	0.07	30	4	21 514	1 022 213	Dominated
Cost-effective screening strategies
FIT-1–10	50–70	3	5901	514	151	0.03	36	5	21 509	874 095	164
FIT-2–10	50–70	3	5645	652	239	0.04	33	5	21 511	884 484	4027
FIT-2–10	50–75	3	6884	744	294	0.04	31	4	21 514	904 162	7778
FIT-2–10	50–80	3	7768	795	327	0.05	30	3	21 515	917 846	14 254
FIT-1–10	45–80	2	13 519	801	334	0.05	31	3	21 517	989 444	31 130
FIT-1–10	50–80	1	20 134	986	476	0.05	28	3	21 518	1 007 490	31 660
FIT-1–15	45–80	1	26 112	846	359	0.05	29	3	21 520	1 071 462	32 309
FIT-1–10‡	45–80	1	24 054	1104	572	0.06	27	2	21 520	1 101 071	59 218
FIT-2–15	45–80	1	23 434	1186	635	0.06	26	2	21 521	1 225 260	302 900
FIT-2–10	45–80	1	21 214	1456	867	0.07	24	2	21 521	1 254 847	739 677

*Results are discounted at an annual rate of 3%.
†Costs are presented in Chinese Renminbi (¥).
‡Optimal screening strategy at the willingness-to-pay threshold
CRC, colorectal cancer; FIT, faecal immunochemical test; FIT-1-10, one sample faecal immunochemical test, 10 µg Hb/g cut-off value; FIT-1-15, one sample faecal immunochemical test, 15 µg Hb/g cut-off value; FIT-2-10, two sample faecal immunochemical test, 10 µg Hb/g cut-off value; FIT-2-15, two sample faecal immunochemical test, 15 µg Hb/g cut-off value; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.